Psychological disorders and dietary patterns by reduced-rank regression

Abstract

Objective: To determine the relationship between dietary patterns identified by reduced-rank regression method and psychological disorders in a large group of Iranian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 3363 Iranian adults between 20 and 55 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Psychological health was examined through validated Iranian version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaires. Reduced-rank regression was applied to identify dietary patterns based on the ratio of omega-3/omega-6, zinc, magnesium, vitamin B6, and folic acid intake. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and psychological disorders. Results: Three major dietary patterns were derived: �healthy,� �fish and poultry,� and �transitional.� After adjustment for potential confounders, �healthy� was associated with reduced depression (odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs. lowest quintile: 0.35; 95 confidence interval (CI): 0.25�0.50), anxiety (OR: 0.47; CI: 0.30�0.74), and psychological distress (OR: 0.52; CI: 0.36�0.75). Greater adherence to the �fish and poultry� was related with lower odds of depression (OR: 0.64; CI: 0.47�0.87). Participant in the third quintile of �fish and poultry� dietary pattern were less likely to be anxious (OR: 0.61; CI: 0.41�0.91). Additionally, we found an inverse significant correlation between adherence to the �transitional� dietary pattern and odds of depression (OR: 0.36; CI: 0.21�0.62), anxiety (OR: 0.43; CI: 0.21�0.88), and psychological distress (OR: 0.41; CI: 0.23�0.72). Conclusion: We found that �healthy,� �fish and poultry,� and �transitional� dietary patterns have inverse significant relationship with odds of psychological disorders, but prospective studies are needed for causal conclusion. © 2019, Springer Nature Limited