Vpliv posrednega učinka izmenjave med vodjo in timom, samo-učinkovitosti in psihološko opolnomočenje na delovnih rezultate medicinskih sester

Abstract

Background: The main effects of leader-member relationship and the quality of supervisor-subordinate relation­ship are emphasized as main variables that help improve nurses’ job satisfaction and reduce exhaustion. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and psychological empowerment on psychological exhaustion and job satisfaction of nurses using moderation-mediation effects of leader-member exchange (LMX). Methods: A cross-sectional design was carried out in three public-sector hospitals in north west of Iran during 2016. A total of 138 self-administered questionnaires were used for analysis. The main hypotheses of this study were an­alyzed through applying mediation-moderation analysis using PROCESS model. Results: The results revealed that LMX acted as a mediator between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction through converting its negative effect into positive one. The indirect effect of emotional intelligence on emotional exhaustion through leader-member exchange was strongly negative especially at higher levels of leader-member exchange. Conclusions: High quality relationships between nurses and their superiors could improve their job outcomes. The negative relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional exhausting was more significant when lead­er-member exchange was taken into account. High emotional intelligence in nurses has negative effect on job satis­faction but by mediating role of LMX the effect changed to positive. LMX partially mediated the effect of emotional in­telligence on job satisfaction, except when self-efficacy values were quite large. Psychological empowerment did not significantly moderate the relationship between emotional intelligence, leader-member exchange, and job outcome. Implications for nursing managers: It is recommended to analyze the quality of leader-member exchange in the hospitals before using them for measurement of nurses’ satisfaction and their jobs’ outcomes. Managers should also concentrate more on leader-member exchange and try to improve its quality. Future studies are needed to investi­gate the effects of leader-member exchange quality in longer follow-up periods. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Moderating mediating effect, Leader member Exchange (LMX), PsychologicalOzadje: Glavni učinki odnosa med vodjo in članom ter kakovost odnosa med podrejenim in nadrejenim so glavne spremenljivke, ki pomagajo izboljšati zadovoljstvo in zmanjšati izčrpanost medicinskih sester. Cilj te je študije preu­čiti učinke čustvene inteligence, samoučinkovitosti in psihološkega opolnomočenja na psihično izčrpanost in zado­voljstvo z medicinskimi sestrami s poudarkom na vplivu izmenjave med vodjo in timom Metode: Podatke smo zbrali v treh javnih bolnišnicah na severozahodu Irana v letu 2016. Zbrali smo 138 za analizo uporabnih anketnih vprašalnikov. Glavne hipoteze te študije smo analizirali z uporabo analize mediacije- moderacije po modelu PROCESS Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da je izmenjava med vodji in timom (Leader Member Exchange - LMX) delovala kot posrednik med čustveno inteligenco in zadovoljstvom z delom in spremenila negativen učinek v pozitivnega. Posre­dni učinek čustvene inteligence na čustveno izčrpanost z izmenjavo voditeljem in člani je bil močno negativen, zlasti pri višjih ravneh izmenjave med člani in vodjo.. Zaključki: Študija je pokazala, da lahko kakovostni odnosi med medicinskimi sestrami in nadrejenimi izboljšajo rezultate dela. Negativni odnos med čustveno inteligenco in čustvenim izčrpavanjem je bil izrazitejši, če smo upo­števali izmenjavo med člani tima in vodjo. Visoka čustvena inteligenca pri medicinskih sestrah negativno vpliva na zadovoljstvo z delovnim mestom, vendar se s posredovanjem vloge izmenjave med člani in vodjo vpliv spremenil v pozitivnega. Izmenjava med vodjo in timom je delno posredovala učinek čustvene inteligence na zadovoljstvo z delovnim mestom, razen kadar so bile vrednosti samo-učinkovitosti precej velike. Psihološko opolnomočenje ni bi­stveno vplivala na povezave med čustveno inteligenco, izmenjavo med vodjo in člani in rezultati dela. Implikacije za vodje zdravstvene nege: Priporočamo, da vodje je preučijo kakovost izmenjave med vodji in člani timov v bolnišnicah, preden jih uporabijo za merjenje zadovoljstva medicinskih sester in rezultatov njihovega dela. Menedžerji naj se tudi bolj osredotočijo na izmenjavo med vodji in člani tima in poskušajo izboljšati kakovost v le-te­ga. Nadaljnje študije so potrebne za raziskovanje učinkov različnih učinkov kakovosti izmenjave med člani in vodji v daljših obdobjih spremljanja. Ključne besede: Čustvena inteligenca, Izmenjava med vodji in člani (LMX), Psihološko opolnomočenj