Planck-Scale Effects on Global Symmetries: Cosmology of Pseudo-Goldstone Bosons

Abstract

We consider a model with a small explicit breaking of a global symmetry, as suggested by gravitational arguments. Our model has one scalar field transforming under a non-anomalous U(1) symmetry, and coupled lo matter and to gauge bosons. The spontaneous breaking of the explicitly broken symmetry gives rise to a massive pseudo-Goldstone boson. We analyze thermal and non-thermal production of this particle in the early universe, and perform a systematic study of astrophysical and cosmological constraints on its properties. We find that for very suppressed explicit breaking the pseudo-Goldstone boson is a cold dark matter candidate.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, Latex file; sections 3 and 4 merged; sections 5 and 6 merged; appendix B removed; to be published in Phys Rev