Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by the transfer of nosocomial pathogens from high-touch environmental surfaces and medical devices are responsible for significant patient morbidity, mortality and economic cost.[1] An effective cleaning and disinfection practice plays a key role in preventing cross-contaminations and spread of HAIs.[2] Traditionally, healthcare staff has used the “bucket method”, which consists of towels saturated with diluted disinfectant contained in a bucket. This method exhibits several limitations such as improper disinfectant dilution, inadequate saturation,  uneven moisture distribution, unknown material compatibility and possible contamination from reusing.[3-4] Among the most effective surface disinfection methods, the nonwoven ready-to-use disinfectant wipes are increasingly accepted for decontamination of high-touch surfaces because of its convenience and reliable performance.[5] Though some research has been done on the effectiveness of commercial available disinfecting wipes in practical use.[6] Whereas their behaviour during storage remains unknown. In addition, a lower or even abolished disinfectant efficacy of the active ingredients due to their interaction with the textile materials has been also reported.[7] This project studied the ageing of the disinfecting wipes over storage time. Chloramine as a surface disinfectant and 3 commercial wiping materials of polyester, viscose, and their combination have been selected. The wipes before and after the contact with disinfectant solution were analysed by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and DMA (Dynamic mechanical analysis).Xinyu Song acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for its
PhD grant financial support (SFRH/BD/130028/2017). Andrea Zille also acknowledges FCT through the
iFCT Research contract (IF/00071/2015) and the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136 under the COMPETE
and FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) co-financed by European funds (FEDER) through the PT2020 program.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Song, Xinyu

Vossebein, Lutz

Zille, Andrea

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering

An efficient cleaning and disinfection practice plays a crucial role in preventing cross-contamination in food industry, domestic situations as well as nosocomial environment. Pre-impregnated disinfecting wipes (ready-to-use disinfectant wipes) are broadly applied in above-mentioned conditions. Regarding the effectiveness of the disinfectant pre-impregnated wipes, research still stays in case study phase and no comprehensive investigation has been carried out to evaluate the structure and function change of the ready-to-use disinfecting wipes over storage time. This work studied the ageing of the disinfecting wipe over storage time. Chloramine as surface disinfectant and 3 commercial wiping materials of polyester (PET), 55% cellulose/45%PET and pure cellulose have been selected. The FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and DMA (Dynamic mechanical analysis) result revealed that oxidation occurred on the textile substrates during the storage of the pre-impregnated disinfecting wipes with special emphasis to the cellulose polymer. Moreover, the occurred oxidation changed the mechanical properties of the cellulose-containing wipes increasing their viscous properties over the elastic onesXinyu Song (SFRH/BD/130028/2017) acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT),
Portugal, for its doctoral grant financial support. Andrea Zille acknowledges FCT through the
Investigator FCT Research contract (IF/00071/2015) and the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136
and UID/CTM/00264 under the COMPETE and FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) co-financed by European
funds (FEDER) through the PT2020 program.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM

English

Structure properties change of ready to use nonwoven wiping materials over storage time

Structure properties change of ready-to-use nonwoven wiping materials over storage time

Table 1. Test material and variables Acknowledgements: Xinyu Song acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for itsPhD grant financial support (SFRH/BD/130028/2017). Andrea Zille also acknowledges FCT through theiFCT Research contract (IF/00071/2015) and the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136 under the COMPETEand FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) co-financed by European funds (FEDER) through the PT2020 program.Fig. 1. ATR-FTIR spectrum of W1, W2 and W3samples in the range 700- 4000 cm-1.The ATR-FTIR spectrum of untreatedW1 and W2 fabrics exhibits peaks ofthe polyester component (W1) andof the polyester blend (W2) at 1710cm−1 assigned to stretching vibrationof C=O group in ester, 1250 cm−1assigned to asymmetric stretching ofaromatic ester. The strong peaks inW3 at 1150, 1100 and 1020 cm-1 arefrom the vibrations of the C-O-Cbond of the glycoside bridges of thecellulose structure.Structure properties change of ready-to-usenonwoven wiping materials over storage timeXinyu Song1, Lutz Vossebein2 and Andrea Zille1*12C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém,4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.2Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences,Webschulstrasse 31, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany.*Email: azille@2c2t.uminho.ptSurface Disinfectant: Chloramine -t trihydrate (C7H8ClNO2S.3H2O.Na)Textile substrate Compositon StructureWipe 1 100% polyester Nonwoven hydroentangledWipe 2 55%cellulose/45%polyester Nonwoven hydroentangledWipe 3 100% cotton 1/1 plain weaveImmersion time: 1day, 3 days, 7 days, 15 days, and 31 daysIntroductionHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by the transfer of nosocomialpathogens from high-touch environmental surfaces and medical devices areresponsible for significant patient morbidity, mortality and economic cost. Aneffective cleaning and disinfection practice plays a key role in preventing cross-contaminations and spread of HAIs. Among the most effective surfacedisinfection methods, the nonwoven ready-to-use disinfectant wipes areincreasingly accepted for decontamination of high-touch surfaces because of itsconvenience and reliable performance. Though some research has been doneon the effectiveness of commercial available disinfecting wipes in practical use.Whereas their behaviour during storage remains vague. This project studied theageing of the disinfecting wipes over storage time. Chloramine as a surfacedisinfectant and 3 commercial wiping materials of polyester, cellulose, and theircombination have been selected. The wipes before and after the contact withdisinfectant solution were analysed by FTIR (Fourier-transform infraredspectroscopy) and DMA (Dynamic mechanical analysis).Materials and methodsThe tests were carried out at standard condition of 65% relative humidity (RH)and 20ºC. The surface disinfectant chloramine-t-trihydrate solution from AcrosOrganics® was prepared at the concentration of 10% (w/w) in distilled water.Each textile wipe sample (Table 1) was prepared with the weight of 1 g ± 0.5%.Every experiment includes a control raw sample, a control treated in water andtwo sample iterated with the disinfectant solution.Result and discussionWhen chloramine is brought into contact with water, it slowly breaks down togenerate hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite, which in turn releases chlorineand oxygen that are responsible for the bactericidal and bacteriostatic action.However, they are also strong oxidizing agents that can damage the textilefibres. It is reported that the hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite that supposedto work on the microbicidal effect diminishes when they interact with the textilesubstrate.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)ConclusionsThe chloramine is able to oxidize both the wipe materials with a higher actionon cellulose structure then on PES. Significant change in mechanical propertieswas observed for cellulose-containing wipes while the PES viscoelasticproperties did not show significant changes.All the samples treated withdisinfectant solution showed theformation of a new band at 3587 cm-1that was attributed to the oxidationaction of chloramine on the textilematerial. (Fig. 2-a and 2-b) The newband can be assigned to the hydroxyband –OH. W3 sample showed morechanges in the FTIR spectra (Fig. 3-c)compare to the others in theoxidation of cellulose. The cellulosesample shows other changes in itschemical structure especially between700 and 1500 cm-1.Fig. 2. FTIR spectrum of W1 (A) and W2 (B) ageing in chloramine over storage time in the rangebetween 3550 and 3650cm-1.Fig 5.  Temperature dependence at 4 Hz of storage (E') and loss (E'') modulus of W1 (A), W2 (B) and W3 (C) after 7 days of immersion in water and chloramine.DMA analysis including tan delta(Fig.4), loss and storage moduli (Fig.5) showed no changes in themechanical properties of W1. In theW2 sample, the storage moduluscompared with the samples treated inpure water decreased 98%. W3 istemperature dependent showingdivergent behaviour in the water andchloramine samples. W3 is clearly themost affected in its mechanicalproperties by the chloramine action.Fig 4. Temperature dependence of Tan deltaof W1, W2 and W3 after 7 days ofimmersion in water and chloramine.Fig. 3 FTIR spectrum of W3 (C) ageing inchloramine over storage time in the rangebetween 700 and 1500 cm-1 for W3.

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Structure properties change of ready-to-use nonwoven wiping materials over storage time

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Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM

Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM

Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM