Closing talk at Snowmass 2001: a summer study on the future of particle
physics.Comment: 4 pages, uses ReVTeX4; typo correcte

Quigg, Chris

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arXiv

This report is the closing talk at Snowmass 2001: a summer study on the future of particle physics

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arXiv:hep-ph/0204084 v2   12 Apr 2002FERMILAB{CONF{02/049{TNextStepsChrisQuiggFermiNationalAcceleratorLaboratoryP.O.Box500,BataviaIL60510USA(Dated:April12,2002)ClosingtalkatSnowmass2001:asummerstudyonthefutureofparticlephysics.I.THANKS!We'vecometotheendofthreeweeksofintensework,andwehaveshatteredallprecedentsforpar-ticipationinaSnowmasssummerstudy.Wehavenumberedmorethan1200,includingmorethaneightystudents,morethantwohundred\youngphysicists,"andmorethantwohundredcolleaguesfromoutsidetheUnitedStates.OnbehalfoftheAmericanPhysi-calSocietyanditsDivisionofParticles&FieldsandDivisionofPhysicsofBeams,IthankyouforcomingtoSnowmassinsuchgreatnumbers,andwithsuchoptimismandappetiteforhardwork.ThroughouttheplanningandexecutionofSnow-mass2001,wehavebenetedfromthewisecounselandmanifoldsupportoftheleadersoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.I'dparticularlyliketoacknowledgetherôlesofExecutiveOÆcerJudyFranz,PresidentGeorgeTrilling,andPastPresidentJimLanger.Itisalsomygreatpleasuretoexpressonyourbe-halfourthanksandadmirationtothepeoplewhomadeourworkpossible.Youmayknowthatwesaidwewoulddene500participantsasasuccessfulsum-merstudy,weplannedforabout800,andthepeo-plewhomakethingshappenhavehadtoprovidefortheneedsof1200.I'dliketobeginbysalutingourfriendsintheSnowmass2001conferenceoÆce:CindyArnold,JodyFederwitz,RayFonseca,MichelleGlea-son,CarolynJames,WandaNewby,MarilynPaul,BarbPerington,PattiPoole,CynthiaSazama,Mar-ilynSmith,andSuzanneWeber;aswellasShefaliKubavatandCarolKucofCompleteConferenceCo-ordinators.Computingsupport,includingtheveryhelpfulwirelessnetworkhereintheConferenceCen-ter,wasprovidedbyChuckAndrews,JohnBellendir,AldenCliord,LarryEnglish,SteveFry,RickHill,KipKippenham,AndyRader,CameronSmith,JohnUrish,andJerryZimmerman.Thestreaming-videoarchiveofplenarysessionsandotherimportanteventswasmadepossiblebyAlJohnson,JimShultz,andFredUllrich.AlloftheworkbehindthesceneswascoordinatedbytheLocalOrganizingCommitteeledbyJeAp-pel.I'mpersonallygratefultoJenotonlyformak-ingallthepiecesttogether,butalsoforfunctioningquigg@fnal.gov;FermilabisoperatedbyUniversitiesResearchAssociationInc.underContractNo.DE-AC02-76CH03000withtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergy.withunfailinggraceandimpeccablejudgmentasachief-of-stathroughouttheworkshop.Forallofus,IwanttothankMikeWitherellformakingavailabletothesummerstudyFermilab'sremarkablelogisti-calsupport.I'malsogratefultoJonathanDorfanformakingSLAC'sresourcesavailabletoproducetheProceedings,andtoNormanGrafforagreeingtoserveasEditor.WhileSnowmass2001isacreationoftheDPFandDPB,itcouldnothavehappenedwithouttheleadershipofourgreatlaboratories.It'sagreatpleasuretorecognizeagainthemar-velouscontributionsofmycolleaguesontheSnow-mass2001OrganizingCommittee,andtothankthemfortheirwisdom,hardwork,andcommunityspirit:RonDavidson(PPPL,co-chair),AlexChao(SLAC),AlexDragt(Maryland),GerryDugan(Cor-nell),NorbertHoltkamp(SNS),ChanJoshi(UCLA),ThomasRoser(BNL),RonRuth(SLAC),JohnSee-man(SLAC),andJimStrait(Fermilab)fromtheDPBside;andSallyDawson(BNL),PaulGran-nis(StonyBrook),DavidGross(ITP/UCSB),JoeLykken(Fermilab),HitoshiMurayama(Berkeley),ReneOng(UCLA),NatalieRoe(LBNL),HeidiSchell-man(Northwestern),andMariaSpiropulu(Chicago)fromtheDPFside.It'salsomyhappytasktothanktheworkinggroupconvenorsfortheextraordinarilyrichprogramwe'veexperiencedatSnowmass2001:AcceleratorWorkingGroups.M1:Muon-BasedSys-tems.KirkMcDonald(Princeton),AndrewSessler(LBNL);M2:e+e CircularColliders.K.Oide(KEK),J.Seeman(SLAC),S.Henderson(Cornell);M3:Lin-earColliders.R.Brinkman(DESY),N.Toge(KEK),T.Raubenheimer(SLAC);M4:HadronColliders.S.Peggs(BNL),M.Syphers(Fermilab);M5:Lepton-HadronColliders.I.Ben-Zvi(BNL),G.Hostaetter(DESY);M6:High-IntensityProtonSources.W.Chou(Fermilab),J.Wei(BNL).TechnologyWorkingGroups.T1:InteractionRegions.T.Markiewicz(SLAC),F.Pilat(BNL);T2:MagnetTechnology.S.Gourlay(LBNL),V.Kashikan(Fermi-lab);T3:RFTechnology.C.Adolphsen(SLAC),N.Holtkamp(SNS),H.Padamsee(Cornell);T4:Parti-cleSources.J.Sheppard(SLAC),N.Mokhov(Fermi-lab),S.Werkema(Fermilab);T5:BeamDynamics.M.Blaskiewicz(BNL),K.-J.Kim(Argonne),S.Y.Lee(Indiana);T6:EnvironmentalControl.W.Bialowons(DESY),C.Laughton(Fermilab),A.Seryi(SLAC);T7:High-PerformanceComputing.K.Ko(SLAC),N.Ryne(LosAlamos);T8:AdvancedAccelerationTech-2niques. C. Joshi (UCLA), P. Sprangle (NRL); T9: Di-agnostics. R. Pasquinelli (Fermilab), M. Ross (SLAC).Physics Working Groups. P1: Electroweak Sym-metry Breaking. Marcela Carena (Fermilab),David Gerdes (Michigan), Howard Haber (SantaCruz), Andre Turcot (Brookhaven), Peter Zer-was (DESY); P2: Flavor Physics. Belen Gavela(Madrid), Boris Kayser (NSF), Clark McGrew (StonyBrook), Patricia Rankin (Colorado); P3: Scales be-yond 1 TeV. Michael Dine (Santa Cruz), JoAnneHewett (SLAC), Greg Landsberg (Brown), DavidMiller (UCL); P4: Astro/Cosmo/Particle Physics.Dan Akerib (Case-Western Reserve), Sean Carroll(Chicago), Mark Kamionkowski (Caltech), Steve Ritz(NASA/Goddard); P5: QCD & Strong Interactions.Brenna Flaugher (Fermilab), Ed Kinney (Colorado),Paul Mackenzie (Fermilab), George Sterman (StonyBrook).Experimental Approaches Working Groups. E1: Neu-trino Factories & Muon Colliders. Vernon Barger (Wis-consin), Debbie Harris (Fermilab), Yoshi Kuno (Os-aka), Mike Zeller (Yale, HMO); E2: e+e  Collidersbelow the Z. Gustavo Burdman (BU), Ian Shipsey(Purdue), Hitoshi Yamamoto (Hawaii), Joel But-ler (Fermilab, HMO); E3: Linear Colliders. MarcoBattaglia (CERN), John Jaros (SLAC), James Wells(Davis),Ian Hinchlie (LBNL, HMO); E4: Hadron &Lepton-Hadron Colliders. Uli Baur (Bualo), RaymondBrock (Michigan State), John Parsons (Columbia),Bill Marciano (Brookhaven, HMO); E5: Fixed-TargetExperiments. Krishna Kumar (UMass), Ron Ray(Fermilab), Paul Reimer (Argonne), Mark Strovink(Berkeley, HMO); E6: Astro/Cosmo/Particle Experi-ments. Kevin Lesko (LBNL), Suzanne Staggs (Prince-ton), Tim McKay (Michigan), Harry Nelson (UCSB,HMO); E7: Particle Physics & Technology. StephanLammel (Fermilab), Wesley Smith (Wisconsin).Thanks as well to the IEEE/NPSS Committee forTechnology Emphasis: Bruce C. Brown, MatthewA. Allen, William M. Bugg, Peter Clout, John E.Elias, Erik Heijne, Thomas Katsouleas, Ray S. Larsen,Patrick Le Du, Alan Todd, Craig L. Woody, and tothe thirty-eight presenters of lectures and courses.The exceptional program of engagement with thepublic here at Snowmass 2001 was constructed by theOutreach Coordinating Committee made up of Eliza-beth Simmons (chair), Marge Bardeen, Martin Berz,Bill Frazer, Evalyn Gates, Joey Huston, Ronen Mir,Mel Month, Helen Quinn, Deborah Roudebush, GregSnow, Ken Taylor, and Je Wilkes, with sta sup-port from Melissa Clayton. More than a hundred ofyou took part in Science Weekend and the other out-reach activities, which were notable for the great joythey brought both to the public and to the physi-cist participants. I'd especially like to recognize thecontributions of Mayda Velasco (who animated LaNoche de la Ciencia), Marko Popovic, Kevin Lynch,Shreyas Bhat, Lawrence Krauss, Leon Lederman, andLiz Quigg. Support for the Snowmass 2001 outreachand education program was provided by the Divisionof Particles and Fields and the Division of Physicsof Beams of the American Physical Society, the Na-tional Science Foundation, the U.S. Department ofEnergy, the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, Uni-versities Research Association, the IEEE Council onSuperConductivity, Maggie and Nick DeWolf, and byother public-spirited individuals and organizations.We appreciate very much the cooperation of Snow-mass Village for giving us the run of the mall for Sci-ence Weekend and for other courtesies, and the col-laboration of Explore Booksellers of Aspen, the AspenPublic Schools, Camp Snowmass (Sue Way), the Sci-ence Outreach Center of Carbondale (Linda Froning),and the Carbondale Community School.Also making Snowmass 2001 a public event|in theRoaring Fork Valley and around the world|was ourfull-time (which came close to 24/7) Press Room. Ithank Judy Jackson, Mike Perricone, Kurt Riessel-man, and Mieke van den Bergen (all of Fermilab)for all their contributions|visible and behind thescenes|to the success of our summer study.Thanks again to our sponsors, the United StatesDepartment of Energy, the National Science Foun-dation, and NASA, and to the ten laboratories en-gaged in particle physics research in the UnitedStates who have supported our cause: Argonne Na-tional Lab, Berkeley Lab, Brookhaven National Lab/ Brookhaven Science Associates, Cornell University/ LNS / Wilson Synchrotron Lab, Fermilab / Uni-versities Research Association, Jeerson Laboratory /SURA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LosAlamos National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Lab/ Spallation Neutron Source, Stanford Linear Accel-erator Center / Stanford University.II. WONDERFUL THINGSHAVE BEEN HAPPENING HEREWe have rediscovered our community and our senseof common destiny. We have celebrated the aston-ishing progress and remarkable promise of particlephysics, broadly understood.No one should miss the conclusion that ours is acommunity on the move, worldwide.We have taken pleasure in the inventiveness andcareful thought of our colleagues who dream, de-sign, and build accelerators and the components thatmake them possible. We have mixed; we have en-gaged with each other's aspirations and signicantlyadvanced a number of ideas. Every large future ac-celerator project is taken more seriously, and valuedmore highly, than it was when we assembled threeweeks ago. That outcome is a testimony both to thesuperb work being done by our colleagues who createaccelerator possibilities and to the generous and openspirit all of you brought to Snowmass.Our conception of the scientic landscape has been3enriched by the high level of participation by our as-tro/cosmo/particle colleagues, including those fromcommunities that have not traditionally identiedwith particle physics.We have relished the global reach of our sci-ence. We proted from the contributions|formaland informal|of international laboratory directorsAlessandro Bettini (Gran Sasso), Luciano Maiani(CERN), Alexander Skrinsky (BINP), Hirotaka Sug-awara (KEK), and Albrecht Wagner (DESY), as wellas the spirited participation of the leaders of U.S. labo-ratories, Jonathan Dorfan (SLAC), Tom Kirk (BNL),Maury Tigner (Cornell), and Mike Witherell (Fermi-lab). Ian Corbett brought important insights into thework of the Global Science Forum, while Ferdi Willekereported on the work of the ICFA Committees explor-ing the idea of a Global Accelerator Network. LorenzoFoa and Satoru Yamashita presented conclusions ofthe European and Japanese planning exercises.We have enjoyed an atmosphere of excellence andoptimism and savored the inspiring promise of youth.Young physicists plunged into the activities of theworking groups and also created a vigorous programof their own, which culminated in the Young Physi-cists Forum attended by many Snowmass participantsof all ages. A Young Particle Physicists organiza-tion is taking shape. For the latest word, see theweb site at http://ypp.hep.net; results of the sur-vey carried out by the young physicists can be foundat http://ypp.hep.net/ypp_survey.html.Other special events included half-day \teach-ins"on opportunities in accelerator research and develop-ment and on the new world of astro/cosmo/particlephysics, and communications workshops that broughttogether science writers, Washington communicators,public aairs professional from many laboratories inthe US and abroad, and physicists. The HEPAP sub-panel on long-range planning, led by Jonathan Baggerand Barry Barish, participated actively in the work ofSnowmass 2001, and used the workshop to solicit andreceive input of many kinds from the community. TheNAS/NRC Committee on Physics of the Universe, ledby Mike Turner, also met at Snowmass, as did theHigh Energy Physics Advisory Panel.The main products of Snowmass 2001 will, as al-ways, be the individual contributions and the work-ing group summaries to appear in the Proceedings.This year, we undertook two special projects as well.The Division of Particles and Fields has produced atwenty-page illustrated survey of the grand themesand aspirations of particle physics, called Quarks Un-bound, which will soon appear in the mailboxes of allDPF members. Quarks Unbound was written by sci-ence writer Sharon Butler, based on her interviewsand discussions with many members of the commu-nity. We owe a special debt of gratitude to twomembers of the Snowmass Organizing Committee,Joe Lykken and Maria Spiropulu, for their dedica-tion to the project. We will be using Quarks Un-bound widely to communicate the excitement andpromise of particle physics. The Division of Physics ofBeams has used the work at Snowmass to create a co-gent blueprint for future accelerator research and de-velopment (see http://www.hep.anl.gov/pvs/dpb/Snowmass.pdf). All this is only the beginning; weplanted many seeds at Snowmass 2001, and we willbe harvesting their fruits for many years.III. REVIEWING THE GOALSFOR SNOWMASS 2001We have made decisive progress on all the goals Iset out three weeks ago, and I trust that you havediscovered many new things to think about and towork on in the months and years to come.We have made an excellent start toward surveyingour aspirations for particle physics over 30 years by ed-ucating ourselves about the full range of possibilitiesbefore us. We were aided immeasurably in the Ex-perimental Approaches working groups by the \High-Minded Outsiders," who served as friendly skeptics,probing and strengthening arguments. Our explo-rations were aided as well by the presence of stringtheorists who helped us look beyond our immediategoals to contemplate the shape of a more complete,more ambitious theoretical framework. On the ma-chine front, the work carried out at Snowmass has helpus to understand the investment we must make (nan-cial and human capital) to bring the most promisinglines to maturity.We need to continue the conversation about the de-gree of scientic diversity, including scale diversity,that we need to build a healthy and productive futurefor particle physics.We must continue to work toward articulating acomprehensive vision of particle physics (and the sci-ences it touches) to make our case eectively to our-selves, to other scientists, and to society at large.Three weeks ago, I observed that \the moment isupon us to probe, shape, and judge the idea of a lin-ear collider as a possible next big step for particlephysics. Evaluating a linear collider and working todene a scientically rich, technically sound, scallyresponsible plan is a homework problem for the en-tire community. Everyone must come to an informedjudgment."At Snowmass 2001, a widespread feeling hasemerged that the world community should move ur-gently to construct a TeV-scale linear collider as aninternational project. These are ambitious machinesand signicant challenges remain: we must be certainof the costs and we must take the measure of technicalrisks. A phase change is needed to complete the designand development promptly.In the United States, another phase change isneeded soon in the commitment of experimentalphysicists to the linear collider program. A few peo-4ple have done valuable work, but outside the US,many more people have done much more comprehen-sive work. US participation in a linear collider willnot be decisive without the engagement of a large andenergetic cadre of superb experimenters to hone thephysics case, participate in parameter choices, andwork side-by-side with the machine builders. If youwait, it will not happen! It is also time for closercooperation among physicists in dierent regions onlinear collider issues: to coordinate R&D, to developa unied physics document, and to make the scienticcase to the governments of the world|perhaps it isthe moment to form an International Linear ColliderUsers Group?IV. WHEN YOU GO HOME . . .Continue to think about what you have heard anddone at Snowmass.Talk with your particle physics colleagues aboutwhat you have seen and heard and done here. Arrangeseminars to share the Snowmass 2001 experience withall your students and colleagues.Write your advice to the HEPAP subpanel; If youwrote long ago, reread your letter to see how yourthinking has evolved.Talk with your colleagues in other elds of physicsand astronomy about Snowmass 2001. Share yourenthusiasm! Give a colloquium early in the schoolyear about the future of particle physics.Talk with your colleagues in other elds about theirexcitement and aspirations. Help your students ap-preciate the exciting futures all across physics and as-tronomy.We've heard at Snowmass 2001 from many gifted,articulate, and inspiring colleagues: Invite them tovisit your department. Hire them!No department is whole without some presence inexperimental particle physics, particle theory thatengages with experiment, accelerator physics, as-tro/cosmo/particle physics, string theory (to speakonly of our immediate neighborhood). Make your in-stitution stronger, and you strengthen our science.V. MIKE HOLLAND'S\INSULTING" QUESTIONSMembers of Congress, Congressional Sta, andWhite House Sta are busy people. Their rst re-sponse to any request is, \No." If you go away andnever come back, they gave the right answer.Their second response to any request is, \You don'thave a plan." If you go away and never come back,they gave the right answer.It is not unknown for our friends to ask hostile ques-tions in hopes of learning whether we have answersthey can use when they are asked hostile questions.Some people in Washington and some scientists donot have our interests at heart. We must not let themseize the agenda and frame the debate, but when theyask easy questions for nefarious purposes, we shouldleap to give compelling answers. So when someonethrows you a fat pitch, asking \Does particle physicsrequire accelerators?" or \What is the value of parti-cle physics to other sciences and to society?" do notsquander time and adrenaline fulminating about theinjustice, just smack the ball over the fence.VI. ASK MORE OF THEUNITED STATES GOVERNMENTThe diÆcult environment for funding the physicalsciences reects, I believe, a deeper problem in our so-ciety. For more than a decade, the will to join togetherand undertake challenging and important causes forthe general good has been too little in evidence. Thisis an aberration in American history, and we mustchange it.In a time of unparalleled prosperity, every section ofevery appropriations bill seems to begin, \Because ofsevere budgetary constraints . . . " We are still waitingfor the peace dividend.What can we do? We must demand better! Thepublic believes in science and exploration, and we areasking questions that engage the public's imagination.We must help people in government and the media tounderstand this.Basic research (and not only particle physics) is asuperb investment on many levels. Don't be timid(but be sensible). Many people are dining out onthe World Wide Web, an unprogrammed dividend ofa tiny fraction of the world's investment in particlephysics. If people want to count beans, we must insistthat they count all the beans.Like every individual, every nation must decidewhat constitutes a meaningful life. Share your pas-sions and your dreams, and lift the eyes of those whogovern!VII. ONWARD AND UPWARD!Making a new world is not accomplished in threeweeks or three months or three years, but we havemade a wonderful start here at Snowmass 2001. Yourpassion, energy, creativity, and commitment truly didbegin to change the world. Thank you!

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