International Academy, Research, and Industry Association (IARIA)
Abstract
This paper intends to highlight the role played by
new social media upon citizens’ political participation, their
challenges and inequalities, like what has been thoroughly
studied for traditional media. New media, also called social
networks, like Twitter or Facebook, have been glorified as the
universal public sphere, a promising new "café". This paper
intends to discuss, in a more realistic and reflexive way, the use
of some internet platforms, contradicting the excessive
optimism that always arises whenever a new ICT (information
and communication technology) emerges. We intend to
reposition the social conditions that impact on digital political
participations, namely the historical context, the social
inequalities and the role of traditional media on political
participation. Acknowledging the theoretical proposition
stating that political participation (both in real or digital
worlds) is stratified, this paper states that there is also a
stratification of social media, regarding different levels of uses
and goals, and that participation skills needed before social
media ever existed are still necessary to participate via new
media, an undervalued issue in new media studies. Similarly to
other tools, Facebook and Twitter do not change the political
situation by themselves. Although this transformation can be
enabled by those tools, it all depends on the social, political and
historical contexts. Finally, it is recognized that traditional
media are also important to make political participation
through social networks relevant in the real world