Aguilar Gonzalez, Cristobal Noé

Mussatto, Solange I.

Pastrana, Lorenzo

Rodríguez-Jasso, Rosa María

Teixeira, J. A.

Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM

  EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SULFATED FUCANS FROM BROWN SEAWEED Fucus vesiculosus      Rosa M. Rodriguez-Jasso1, Solange I. Mussatto1*, Cristóbal N. Aguilar2, Lorenzo Pastrana3, José A. Teixeira1  1Departamento de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; 2Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, México; 3Departmento de Bioquímica, Genética y Inmunología, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense 32004, Galicia, Spain. *E-mail: solange@deb.uminho.pt  Keywords:  microwave-assisted extraction; brown seaweed; fucoidan   Introduction. Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) are complex macromolecules with a wide range of biological properties as anticoagulant, antioxidant, antitumoral, and antiviral, activities. Fucoidan is a SP of great interest for its biological activities (1). Seaweeds are the most important source of non animal SP. Nowadays, large amount of algae remain unused, and considering the importance of the SP that can be found in such organisms, the recovery of these compounds from seaweeds is of relevance. Some studies for SP recovery from natural sources have been carried out using low acid concentrations with long extraction times (1-3 h) (2).  The present work aimed to evaluate the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique using short times and high pressures to recover fucoidan from brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. Additionally, the extracted fucoidan was characterized.   Methodology. Brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus was collected in North of Portugal. Extraction reactions were performed according to a 23 full factorial design with four replicates at the center point, to evaluate the effect of the variables pressure (X1 = 30, 75, or 120 psi), extraction time (X2 = 1, 16 or 31 min), and alga/water ratio, AW (X3 = 1/25, 3/25 or 5/25 g/ml) on the response of fucoidan yield (%). The algae degradation (%), total sugar yield (%), and SO3 content (%) were also determined to each experimental condition. The experiments were carried out in a microwave digestion oven MDS-2000 (CEM Corporation). Characterization of the recovered fucoidan was performed by HPLC, FTIR, and TGA/DSC analyses.   Results and Discussion. Fucoidan yield was mainly affected by the AW ratio (X3, p<0.05), which had an effect of negative signal; and by the interaction between pressure and extraction time (X1X2, p<0.01) (Fig. 1). When the analysis was performed with estimative of the curvature, a positive influence of the pressure (X1) at p<0.1 was also verified. The negative effect of the interaction X1X2 suggests that the fucoidan yield was increased when the extraction time was decreased. Considering these analyses, it was concluded that MAE extraction under 120 psi, during 1 min, and using an alga/water ratio of 1/25 g/ml was the best condition for the fucoidan recovery.  0.090.891.032.483.80-5.00-8.07p=0.05(2)T ime1by32by3(1)PressureCurvatr .(3)Rel. Algae/W ater1by2X2X3X1Cv.X1X3X3X2X1X2          Fig. 1. Pareto chart of standardized effect estimation for fucoidan yield.  HPLC analysis of the precipitated polysaccharide revealed L-fucose as the main constituent and minor proportions of xylose and galactose. The FTIR spectrum (Fig. 2) showed typical absorption bands of fucoidans, at 1240–1255 cm−1 and 840 cm−1 related with the SO3 content and the axial C-4 substitution   of   α-linked   L-fucopyranose.  W avelength (cm -1)1000200030004000% Transmittance4050607080 30 psi/ 31m in/ 1g120 psi/ 1 m in/ 1g  120 psi/ 1 m in/ 5 gC-S-OS=O             Fig. 2. FTIR of Fucus vesiculosus SP under different MAE conditions.  Conclusions. MAE under optimum reaction conditions was an effective method to recover fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus. This method required short extraction times, and non corrosive solvents, resulting in reduced costs and being an environmentally friend technique.   Acknowledgements. CONACYT (México) and FCT (Portugal).  References. 1. Berteau O, Mulloy B. (2003). Glycobiology 13:29R-40R. 2. Rioux L, Turgeon S, Beaulieu M. (2007). Carbohyd Polym 69:530-537. 

Extraction and characterization of sulfated fucans from brown seaweed fucus vesiculosus

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Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM