Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are growing in popularity. However, are they effective? Cordyceps is not studied as systematically
for bioactivity as another TCM, Ganoderma. Cordyceps is fascinating per se, especially because of the pathogenic lifestyle on Lepidopteron
insects. The combination of the fungus and dead insect has been used as a TCM for centuries. However, the natural fungus has
been harvested to the extent that it is an endangered species. The effectiveness has been attributed to the Chinese philosophical concept of
Yin and Yang and can this be compatible with scientific philosophy? A vast literature exists, some of which is scientific, although others
are popular myth, and even hype. Cordyceps sinensis is the most explored species followed by Cordyceps militaris. However, taxonomic
concepts were confused until a recent revision, with undefined material being used that cannot be verified. Holomorphism is relevant and
contamination might account for some of the activity. The role of the insect has been ignored. Some of the analytical methodologies are
poor. Data on the ‘‘old” compound cordycepin are still being published: ergosterol and related compounds are reported despite being
universal to fungi. There is too much work on crude extracts rather than pure compounds with water and methanol solvents being overrepresented
in this respect (although methanol is an effective solvent). Excessive speculation exists as to the curative properties. However,
there are some excellent pharmacological data and relating to apoptosis. For example, some preparations are active against cancers or
diabetes which should be fully investigated. Polysaccharides and secondary metabolites are of particular interest. The use of genuine anamorphic
forms in bioreactors is encouraged.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BPD/
34879/2007
