University North. University centre Varaždin. Department of Biomedical Sciences.
Abstract
Najvažnije razdoblje u djetetovom životu je upravo predškolsko razdoblje. To je razdoblje obilježeno ubrzanim rastom i razvojem. Rast označava promjene u veličini koje su rezultat povećanja postojećih stanica. Razvoj označava sazrijevanje organa i organskih sustava, sazrijevanje biokemijskog sustava te sazrijevanje tkiva i funkcija. Rast i razvoj su stalni i dinamični procesi koji se odvijaju od začeća do pune zrelosti prema određenom redoslijedu koji je približno isti kod svih. Zdravi rast i razvoj preduvjet su za zdravu populaciju.
Glavni cilj ovog rada je opisati psihomotorni rast i razvoj, prikazati normalan rast i razvoj te objasniti najčešća odstupanja koja je potrebno na vrijeme prepoznati. Kompleksno razdoblje rasta i razvoja započinje samim začećem, traje sve do kraja adolescencije s različitim intenzitetom ovisno o razvojnom periodu. U samom praćenju rasta i razvoja, pravilan odnos i pravodobna stimulacija potpomažu i na određeni način ubrzavaju pojedine periode razvoja. U završnom radu opisano je predškolsko razdoblje koje je jedno od intenzivnih razvojnih perioda. U samo radu prikazan je tjelesni, motorički, kognitivni razvoj, emocionalni i socijalni razvoj djeteta u ovom razdoblju. Unutarnji, ali i vanjski čimbenici kao i uloga roditelja te odgajatelja utječu na dinamiku rasta i razvoja. U radu su prikazani i pojedini aspekti predškolskog odgoja kao što su razvoj govora, motorike, likovnih i glazbenih vještina, socijalnih vještina. Tijekom izrade završnog rada provedeno je istraživanje u dječjem vrtiću Bubamara, Kneginec Gornji. Istraživanje je provedeno kako bismo dobili uvid u saznanja roditelja o psihomotornom rastu i razvoju, njihov pogled na predškolsko razdoblje te njihove korake koje oni poduzimaju kako bi što bolje potaknuli psihomotorni rast i razvoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 40 roditelja, 20 roditelja djece dobi od dvije do tri godine te 20 roditelja djece dobi od četiri do šest godina. Rezultati istraživanja su prikazali kako postoje razlike u razmišljanju među roditeljima, tako jasno možemo uočiti roditeljsku zabrinutost u svezi normalnog razvoja kod starije djece, dok su roditelji mlađe djece opušteniji u njihovim ranijim godinama razvoja.
Vrlo je važno osvijestiti da će pravilan rast i razvoj u predškolskom periodu imati značajan utjecaj na daljnje etape djetetova razvoja.The most important period in a child's life is pre-school period. This period is characterized by rapid growth and development. Growth means change in size as a result of an increase in the existing station. The development marks the maturation of organs and organ systems, biochemical maturation of the system and the maturation of tissue and function. Growth and development are continuous and dynamic processes that take place from conception to full maturity according to a certain order, which is about the same for all. Healthy growth and development are a precondition for a healthy population. The main objective of this final work is to describe the psychomotor growth and development, show normal growth and development and to explain the most common deviations need to recognize. Complex period of growth and development begins at conception itself, lasts until the end of adolescence with varying intensity depending on the developmental stage. In the monitoring of growth and development, proper attitude and timely stimulus to support and in some ways accelerate certain periods of development. In the final paper, the pre-school period is one of intense development period. Final work shows, the physical, motor, cognitive development, emotional and social development of the child in this period. Internal as well as external factors as well as the role of parents and teachers influence the dynamics of growth and development. The final work presents and some aspects of pre-school education, such as language development, motor skills, visual and musical skills, social skills. During the preparation of the final thesis research was carried out in kindergarten ladybird, Kneginec Gornji. The survey was conducted to gain insight into the knowledge of parents on psychomotor development and growth, their view of the pre-school period and their steps they are taking to better encourage psychomotor development and growth. The study included a total of 40 parents, 20 parents of children aged two to three years and 20 parents of children aged four to six years. Research results show that there are differences in opinion among parents, so we can clearly perceive parental concerns about normal development in older children, while the parents of younger children more relaxed in their early years of development. It is very important to raise awareness that proper growth and development in the preschool period have a significant impact on the further stages of child development
