Proizvodnja i primjena krvnog pripravka za liječenje autoimune hemolitičke anemije kroz proces zdravstvene njege

Abstract

Transfuzija je ujedno i klinika i dio laboratorijske medicine sa zadaćom proizvodnje lijekova iz ljudske krvi te liječenje bolesnika sa njima.U ovom radu donosim definicije potrebne za razumijevanje rada i transfuzijske znanosti. Za transfuziju krvi je veoma važno dobrovoljno davalaštvo jer ona s njime počinje i o njima ovisi.Nema proizvodnje lijekova iz krvi bez humanosti i solidarnosti ljudi koji ju daruju.Davaoci daju punu krv iz koje se dobiju zasebni pripravci eritrocita,trombocita,svježe smrznute plazme,krioprecipitata...Postoje i aparati koji od davaoca uzimaju samo jedan sastojak krvi pa je proizvodnja olakšana.Davanje krvi može kod davaoca izazvati blage,srednje i teške nuspojave.Želeći osigurati što kvalitetnije i sigurnije krvne pripravke,svaka doza krvi uzeta od davaoca se testira prema protokolima.Sav taj posao prati određena dokumentacija koja se trajno čuva. Kad se proizvede krvni pripravak potrebno je obaviti određena testiranja prije primjene bolesniku.Ta testiranja se izvode na odjelima za transfuzijsku medicinu.Kada su ona obavljena i rezultati odobreni od strane liječnika transfuziologa krvni pripravak se može transfundirati bolesniku.Naravno,prije i nakon toga mora biti zadovoljen protokol pisanog traga o svim postupcima. Autoimuna hemolitička anemija je ozbiljna bolest kratkog životnog vijeka eritrocita u krvotoku bolesnika.Postoji nekoliko vrsta AIHA-e pa se eritrociti za transfuziju pripremaju prema njihovim karakteristikama.Potrebna je posebna pažnja i promatranje pacijenta za vrijeme transfuzije. Medicinska sestra radi svoju procjenu pacijenta i postavlja sestrinske dijagnoze.Pruža njegu pacijentu i izvodi intervencije u skladu s prethodno postavljenim dijagnozama.Pri tome se koristi raznim skalama i obrascima te sve bilježi u sestrinsku dokumentaciju. U ovom radu sam prikazala slučaj pacijenta starog 50 godina s autoimunom hemolitičkom anemijom.Opisala sam sestrinske dijagnoze,ciljeve i intervencije koje se mogu primijeniti na njegov slučaj. U transfuzijskom liječenju mogu nastati mnoge komplikacije.Neke su manje poznate,neke više.Opisala sam ipak češće i poznatije te dovoljno istražene da ih mogu ovdje spomenuti.Transfusion is also the clinic and part of laboratory medicine with the task to produce medicines derived from human blood and treating patients with them. This paper presents definitions necessary for the understanding of the work and transfusion science. Blood transfusion is very important voluntary blood because it begins with him and depends on them.There is no production of drugs from the blood without humanity and solidarity of people who is donating it. People give whole blood from which to obtain a separate preparations of red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate...There are also devices that takes from the donor only one component of blood so production is easier.Giving blood with the donor can lead to mild,medium and heavy side effects.In desire to provide you a better and safer blood products,each dose of blood taken from the donor is tested according to standard operative protocols.All this work is followed by certain documents to be kept permanently. When producing blood component it is necessary to do some tests before applying to patient.The tests are preformed at the units for Transfusion medicine.When they are made and the results are approved by the physician specialist of transfusion,blood component can be transfused to patient.Of course,before and after the additon,there has to be satisfied protocol of written trail about all proceedings. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a serious disease of short lifespan of red blood cells in the bloodstream of sick person.It existes several types of AIHA-e so the red blood cells for transfusion are preparing by their characteristics.It is necessary special attention and observation of the patient during transfusion. The nurse works its assessment of the patient and sets diagnosis.She provides nursing care to the patient and performes interventions in accordance with thoose diagnosis.During that job she is using all sorts of scales and patterns and all that is writting down to the nursing documentation. In this paper I presented the case 50 years old patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.I described nursing diagnosis,objectives and interventions that can be applied to his case. The transfusion therapy can cause many complications.Some are less well known,some are more.I described complications that are more often and better-known and researched enough so they can be mentioned here