In order to sustain their long-term competitiveness, organizations are under constant pressure to strategically realign their businesses towards globalization and digitalization to adopt to changes in market dynamics. This requires two major structural challenges to be addressed: How can manufacturers and consumers become active participants of environmentally responsible product disposal activities, How fast and efficiently manufacturers can respond to changing market and capital needs while preserving their environmental, economic, and social sustainability levels. Industry 4.0 rises as a viable solution due to its ability to overcome these challenges and effectively respond to the increasing demand for mass customization. This concept is signified as a fully digitized future production and logistics system where all primary objects within a factory such as human, machine, and product as well as all partners within a supply chain such as supplier, manufacturer, logistics provider, and consumer are linked to one another
