Measurements of heavy quark production, particularly from HERA, their
theoretical understanding and their relevance for the LHC are reviewed. The
status of beauty and charm production is discussed in the context of the
different components of the production process: the parton density function of
the colliding hadrons; the hard scatter; and the fragmentation of the quarks
into hadrons. The theory of QCD at next-to-leading order generally describes
well the hadronic structure and the production of heavy quarks although
sometimes fails in details which are highlighted. The fragmentation of heavy
quarks measured at HERA is consistent with that at LEP and hence supports the
notion of universality.Comment: Write-up of talk at the workshop, "A workshop on the implications of
HERA for LHC physics". To appear in proceedings. 10 pages, 7 figure