This discussion guide is designed to provide information about what hasn’t worked in the past and the lessons we have learned. It can be used by teams of practitioners, policymakers, and members of the community who are in the midst of school reform efforts at the high school level. Reading and working through this guide will help those teams engage in a dialogue about how to ensure success at their school. This document summarizes some existing literature and research on the reasons behind the failure of many school reforms. It also provides questions for people to consider as they develop or implement their own reform efforts