計畫編號：NSC89-2213-E032-028研究期間：199908~200007研究經費：610,000行政院國家科學委員

楊勝明

計畫編號：NSC89-2213-E032-041研究期間：200008~200107研究經費：610,000行政院國家科學委員

Tamkang University Institutional Repository

Optimal Efficiency Control of Induction Motor Drives(II)

行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫第一年度進度報告總計畫：感應馬達控制（I）子計畫五：感應馬達最佳效率控制（I）Optimal Efficiency Control of Induction Motor Drives計畫編號：NSC 89-2213-E-032-028執行期限：88年 8月 1日至 89年 7月 31日主持人：楊勝明  副教授 淡江大學機械系一、中文摘要因為向量控制感應馬達的激磁電流與力矩電流可以分別控制，因此若控制轉子磁通使其隨著負載而調整以減少馬達的損耗，則可使控制的馬達隨時在最佳效率點運作。本計畫的目的即是針對向量控制架構下的感應馬達控制系統，探討以功因為控制參數的最佳效率控制技術法則，並利用模糊控制理論等智慧型控制方法改善最佳效率控制之性能。除了以理論分析及電腦模擬的方法研究控制法則之外，並將實作控制系統的軟硬體以實驗的方法來驗証控制法則。其次也將深入探討與感應馬達的效率有關的量測技術，如馬達運轉損耗、鐵損之參數、功因的量測等。關鍵詞：感應馬達，最佳效率控制，向量控制，模糊控制，模糊調整Abstract - Since the field of a vectorcontrolled induction motor drive can becontrolled independently from the torquecontrol, therefore it is inherently simple inimplementation of an optimal efficiencyregulator in the motor controller to achieveoptimal efficiency operation of the motordrive. The objective of this project is todevelop an optimal efficiency control strategyfor vector controlled induction motor drives.Control scheme which uses power factor as itscontrol variable will be investigated first, thena fuzzy logic controller will be developed toimprove the performance of the efficientoptimizing controller. At last a fuzzy tuningscheme to adjust slip gain and mutualinductance of the motor on-line will bedeveloped. In addition to the analysis andcomputer simulations, all the control schemesdeveloped will also be implemented andverified experimentally.Keyword: Induction motor, optimal efficiency,vector control, fuzzy logic, fuzzy tuning二、緣由與目的世界上有半數以上的能源是用在馬達的運作上[1]，在能源有限的情況下如何減少馬達對於能源的使用量是一個值得研究的方向，而馬達中又以感應馬達為其中的多數，所以感應馬達的效率控制是節省能源的最佳選擇，一般在感應馬達向量控制下，都是以改變其激磁電流來達到效率控制的目的，而利用什麼方式來改變激磁電流，歷年來已經有多種方法被提出來，如在定功率輸出下利用搜尋法[2-3]來尋找最低輸入功率，或是建立馬達的模組[4-5]來計算馬達的最小損失，另外還有利用定子電流[8]、V/f的比例[9]和本篇報告所使用之功因法[6-7]。以上的方法都是利用改變轉子磁通來取得銅損與鐵損的平衡。本研究為三年期的計畫，計畫的目的是研究與實作一個以向量控制為架構的感應馬達最佳效率控制器，使馬達不論在任何轉速與負載下皆能在最佳效率點運轉。第一年度的主要目標是研究以功因為主要控制參數的感應馬達效率控制技術，及功因、損失、與損失係數量測技術，並建立一向量控制之感應馬達控制系統以做實驗驗證。三、研究方法與結果最佳效率控制關於以功因為控制參數的感應馬達最佳效率法則之詳細說明可參考[10]。因為在相同轉速下若不考慮磁心飽和效應，則最佳效率點之功因為一定值，並不會隨負載而改變。因此，最佳效率效率功因可以表示成一由轉速與馬達參數所組成的關係式，若以圖形表示此關係式則如圖一所示。注意圖一顯示了考慮與未考慮飽和效應時的計算結果，由此結果可以看出飽和與負載對於最佳效率點功因之值影響不大。因此以下的說明皆未考慮磁心飽和。雖然由最佳效率效率功因關係式與轉速可以算出最佳效率操作點，但是這個關係式需要所有的馬達參數，包括磁滯與渦電流損失係數，因此並不是很實用。以下簡述一自動量測最佳效率效率功因的方法。若在定轉速時，將馬達的功因與激磁電流之間的關係對激磁電流微分，並取其最小值，然後再將不同轉速下所求得的微分最小值連起來，並與最佳效率效率功因曲線畫在一起可以得到如圖二所示之曲線。觀察此圖可發現此二曲線相當接近，又因為要量測不同轉速下的功因/激磁電流之關係對激磁電流微分之最小值(Min. ¶ (PF)/ ¶ ids)並不難，而且可以用自動量測來時顯；因此若能以Min. ¶ (PF)/ ¶ ids 作為最佳效率效率功因命令，則不需任何馬達參數。又注意雖然Min. ¶ (PF)/ ¶ ids與最佳效率效率功因相當接近，但在高速時還是有些誤差，這可由圖三所示，對 1 hp、3 hp、5 hp的馬達參數計算所得的誤差曲線可知。又如圖所示，因為 1-5 hp 的馬達之誤差相當接近，所以我們可以用一個線性的函數去補償這些誤差以簡化計算的過程。以上的最佳效率功因計算方法可以透過圖四的流程來實現，而整個最佳效率控制系統的方塊圖則如圖五所示。電流控制傳統的 PI 電流控制器在控制直流馬達時的確可以滿足一般對性能的要求，但是控制三相交流馬達時則有相當大的限制，主要的原因是電流誤差會隨著電流頻率之增加而漸增大。對磁場導向馬達而言此誤差相當於向量控制器將電流向量置於錯誤的位置，因而會使整個系統產生類似滑差計算錯誤的現象。本計畫發展的電流控制器是一種具有Emf 電壓補償以及電流命令前饋的同步座標電流控制器[11]，理論上可達到在任何輸出頻率下電流皆為零振幅與零相位誤差的性能。又由於電流控制的執行速度會直接影響其所能輸出的頻率，因此在控制架構上，電流控制與向量控制由一 TMS320C240DSP來執行以增加控制的頻寬，以得到較好的結果。目前的電流控制器執行速度為 9.8kHz，最大可穩定控制的頻率約在 140 Hz。圖六 a)-b)所示為馬達在轉速約為 4600rpm，頻率為 140 Hz時 q軸電流命令突然反向之結果，由此結果知電流控制步階響應的上升時間約為 1 ms，且相當穩定。因為效率控制並不需要很高的執行速度，但為預留一些彈性使下年度在研究智慧型控制時能有充分的計算能力，在硬體架構上，我們將效率控制由另一 C240 DSP 執行，二者則透過 ADC/DAC介面傳送電流命令。整個實作系統的方塊圖如圖七所示。四、結論與成果這一年度的主要研究與實作成果如下：1) 以功因為控制參數的最佳效率控制之理論分析、控制法則設計、電腦模擬、與實驗結果印證皆已完成；由 1 HP感應馬達的實驗結果顯示當負載明顯低於其額定值時，此控制方法可以有效地降低馬達的運轉損失，並具有穩定之暫態響應。2) 為了使此最佳效率控制更具實用性，我們並發展出一個可以自動產生最佳功因命令的方法，利用此方法可避免執行效率控制時必需要有正確的馬達參數與渦流損與鐵損之損耗係數，並且可以和馬達參數自動量測技術結合。3) 在功因量測技術方面，我們利用量測的馬達電壓與電流做向量運算以計算功因，此方法由實驗結果證實相當準確而且容易實現。渦流損與鐵損之損耗係數量測則因為需利用三相功率計，計算較複雜，且只能離線量測，並且由於最佳功因命令已可利用自動量測產生，故此參數之量測對我們發展的最佳效率控制技術而言已經不是很重要。4) 因為電流控制的性能對向量控制與效率控制的結果有相當大的影響，因此在實作時我們特別著重在設計與製作一高性能數位電流控制器，並將電流控制、向量控制與效率控制分開，且分別由一TMS320C240 DSP執行。電流控制採用同步座標及電壓解耦合等技術以提高其性能。五、計畫成果自評本計畫的研究內容與原計畫大致相符，程度，唯一不同處是如上一節第 3)點所述，原計畫中有一項研究渦流損與鐵損之損耗係數量測技術，但因已無需要故並未包含在計畫研究內容。除此部分外，計畫成果都能達成預期目標。又前述的最佳效率控制與電流控制的研究成果皆具有學術與應用價值，目前已整理結果並投稿到國外期刊。電流控制的研究成果並詳載於學生論文[11]。圖一、考慮飽和效應時之最佳效率功因與轉速之關係minimum-loss PFminimum-loss of dsiPF ¶¶ /)(圖二、1hp馬達最佳效率功因曲線與功因微分最小值之曲線( ¶ (PF)/ ¶ ids)圖三、針對 1hp、3hp、5hp馬達，最佳效率功因與功因微分最小值( ¶ (PF)/ ¶ ids)之誤差曲線minimum ?speed controlerror correctionsave in tablenoyesvary iinitial speeddsmeasurepower factornext speed¶calculate(PF )/  i¶ ds圖四、自動量測最佳效率功因之流程圖++i qds qdsvbvai a i bi a* i b* i c*i qs*i ds*i qse *i dse *rw^wsq evs*-+轉速1最佳功因PWMPFTevqdsiqds-+電源三相整流器AC/DC量測介面電壓電流座標轉換旋轉固定/轉換相相 2/3轉換相相 3/2馬達感應電流控制三相交流速度命令控制PI計算功因計算力矩電流計算滑差rs1mLt+速度控制圖五、控制系統架構方塊圖a)iqse*iqseidse3.5A/diviqse* iqse3.5A/diviqserw 4600rpm圖六、在 140 Hz 時 iqse*突然反向之實驗結果PWM後極感應馬達電壓與電流量測介面編碼 器電流控制向 量控制(TMS320C240)效率控制功因命令 產生(TMS320C240)圖七、實作之最佳效率控制系統方塊圖六、參考文獻[1] “Drive Power”, 1993, by E-Source,Boulder, Colorado, USA.[2] P. Famouri and J.J. Cathey, "LossMinimization Control of an InductionMotor Drive", IEEE Trans. on IAS,Vol.27, No.1, Jan./Feb., 1991, pp. 32-37.[3] D.S. Kirschen, D.W. Novotny, and T.A.Lipo, "Optimal Efficiency Control of anInduction Current Source Inverter FedInduction Motor", Proceedings of the1986 IEEE-PESC, pp. 486-493.[4] H.G. Kim, S.K. Sul and M.H. Park,"Optimal Efficiency Drive of a CurrentSource Inverter Fed Induction Motor byFlux Control", IEEE Trans. on IAS, Vol.IA-20, No.6, Nov./Dec. 1984, pp.1453-1459.[5] S.K. Sul and M.H. Park, "A NovelTechnique for Optimal EfficiencyControl of Motor Drive", IEEE Trans.on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC-2, No.1,Mar. 1987, pp. 70-76.[6] F. Nola, "Power Factor Controller - AnEnergy Saver", Conference Record ofthe 1980 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting,pp.194-198.[7] Henrik. R. Anderson, John. K.Pedersen , "Low Cost EnergyOptimized Control Strategy for aVariable Speed Three-Phase inductionMotor", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE-PESC, Vol. 1, pp. 920-924.[8] Maria G. Ioannides, John A. Tegopolos,“Optimal Efficiency Slip-PowerRecovery Drive”, IEEE Trans. onEnergy Conversion, Vol. 3, No2, June,1988, pp342-348.[9] F. Blaabjerg and J.K. Pedersen, "AnIntegrated High Power factor Three-Phase AC-DC-AC Converter for Ac-Machines Implemented in OneMicroprocessor", Proceedings of the1993 IEEE-PESC, pp.285-292.[10] 白景文，"感應馬達之最佳效率控制"，淡江大學碩士論文，1999年 6月。[11] 李振豪，"數位式感應馬達電流控制"，淡江大學碩士論文，2000年 6月。

Optimal Efficiency Control of Induction Motor Drives(I)

計畫編號：NSC90-2213-E032-021研究期間：200108~200207研究經費：611,000行政院國家科學委員

?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????                        ? ?               ??????????????????(3/3)        ? ?                  ???????????????                   ? ?                        ? ??????????????????????????  ?????????? ?????NSC 90?2213?E?032?021? ????? 90? 8? 1?? 91? 7? 31?  ?????????  ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????  ??????????       ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????    ?????   ????   ? ? ? ? 91? 10 ? 25?   1 ???????????????????? ??????????????????(3/3) ??????????????? Optimal Efficiency Control of Induction Motor Drives ?????NSC 90-2213-E-032-021 ?????90? 8? 1?? 91? 7? 31? ????   ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????  ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? Abstract - Since the field and the torque of a vector controlled induction motor drive can be controlled independently, it is inherently simple for implementation of an optimal efficiency regulator to achieve optimal efficiency operation of the motor drive. The objective of this project is to develop an optimal efficiency control strategy that use power factor as its main control variable for vector controlled induction motor drives. It was found in the first year’s research that the power factor controller can be implemented easily, however, generation of the optimal efficiency power factor command is rather difficult. An optimal power factor generation scheme was proposed in the second year’s research. In this year, an on-line adjustment was added to the optimal power factor generation to improve its accuracy. Keyword: induction motor, vector control, optimal efficiency, power factor  ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????1?????[1-5]?2???????[6-10]?3?????[11-12]????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????   2 ???????????? ???????????????? 1??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? 1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????  ???????????????????????????or???????????? ? 1 ?????????  3.1??? ???????????????????????? 1??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????a)????????????????????(Pedsidc)?b) ???????????????????????(Pin)?Pdc? Pin???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? Pdc?????? ??????????????????????????? i ???????????[1]????????Prω∆edsdc????? ?????T ????????????????????????????????[2]?????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????[3]???????????????V/f ?????????????? Peω ∗eedrλ∆i∆dcP∆eds∗∆ edsidc?∆Pdc?∆(V/f )????????????∆(V/f )?????????????[4]?????? Pdc? ??????????????(V/f )???[5]? rω∆rTr+2edr−λmsLLr2edrλmsrLW =2rdrcrrωrsrseqsedsLrr++)()ccrrr++(r=ii 3.2 ?????  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????[12]?????????????? 2edr2e2e22r22T−+ λ ?1? ????????????????? q?d ??????? ? Tedrλ e?????????????????????????????????[6]????[7]?? Wq??Wd ????? q?d ?????????Wq? Wd????? PI ????? i ??????????[8]????? q?d?????????????????????????????????? eds ?2? ?? rc???????Ld? d ???????(2)????????????????????????????? i ??????????[9]? eds 3 5042222 )()( .emsemmrmremrs*edrTrr/rLrri/rLr+ω+++ω+=λ ?3? ?????? Te? ?????????????????????????????????[10]?  eωsrermr2rmss2e2mfeLL2rLrL/L2/3r2/3r2/3LkS πωω))(()()(++±= ?4? ?? kfe?????s???????  3.3 ????? ?[12]?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????[11]???????????????????[12]????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????[1-12]?? 1?????????????????????  ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.1??? ????????????????????????????????????[13]????????????? 2 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????PI?????????????????????????? ?????? TMS320C240 DSP?????? 1 HP ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????  ? 1 ????????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? [1] ???? VBUS, IBUS Pdc, ∆  rω ????? ∗edsi  [2] ???? VBUS, IBUS Pdc,  eω ∗eT ??????? edrλ∆  [3] ???? VBUS, IBUS Pdc,  edsi∆ ???? ∗∆ edsi  [4] ???? VBUS, IBUS P ,  dc( f/V∆ ) ???? (V/f) [5] ???? VBUS, IBUS Pdc,  rω∆ ???? (V/f) [6] ?? eqdsi  edrλ eT  ?(1) ∗λedr  [7] Wq??Wd eqdsi  Wq Wd PI ∗λedr  [8] qd???? rω  eqdsi  ?(2) ∗edsi  [9] ?? eqdsi  eω eT  ?(3) ∗λedr  [10] ?? rω eqdsi  eω  ?(4) S [11] ?? eqdsV , i  eqds PF PI (V/f) [12] ?? eqdsV , i  eqds PF PI ∗edsi   ++i qdsvbvai a i bi a* i b* i c*i qs*i ds*i qse *i dse *rω^ω sθ evs*-+??1????????PWMPFTevqdsiqds-+???????AC/DC????????????????/???? 2/3???? 3/2??????????????????PI??????????????rs1mLτ+qds速度控制? 2 ??????? 4.2???  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ???????????????????????(Ke? Kh)????????????????????????????????[14]? ????????????????????????????????????? 3???PF_d?????????????????PF_c????????????????????????? PF_o? ?????????????????1-50?????????????????????????????? 4????????????????????????????? 0.03?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????  rωPF_dFuzzy CompensatorPF_cPF_o ? 3 ??????????????  0 500 1000 1500 20000.70.750.80.850 9.0.951W rPower FactorPF PF  o PF d  * 0 500 1000 1500 20000.650.70 75.0.80.850.90.951W rPower FactorPF PF  o PF d *  a) 1HP            b) 10HP 0 500 1000 1500 20000.650.70 75.0.80.850.90.951W rPower FactorPF PF o   PF d * 0 500 1000 1500 20000.650.70 75.0.80.850.90.951W rPower FactorPF PF  oPF d *  c) 20HP           d) 50HP ? 4 ????????????????????  4.3???  ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????(1)??????????????????????? 5a)??????????(1)?? Tedrλe?????????????????[12]? ( )  +++ + +=2eds2m2eqs2r2m2lr2eeehr2eqs2r2ms2eds2eqsiLiLLLKKriLLrii23W ωω?5? ?????????????? i ????? A????????? A??????????????????????????????? A??????????? eqsedsiedseqs i/iA =[ ] 2eds2m2eeehs2eqs2r2m2lr2eeehr2r2msiLKKriLLLKKrLLr)()(ωωωω++= +++ ?6? ? q?? d???????Wq?Wd?????????????????Wq=Wd???? 5b)???Wq?Wd??????? ???Wedsiiq?????Wd??????????’o’????Wq??Wd????????5a)?? 5b)?’o’????? Wq=Wd???? 5a)????????????(6)???????????? A?? edssr2r2meh2ee2r2m2lrseh2m2ee2m2rrLLKKLLLrKLKLA+++++=)( ωωωω  ?7? ? 5c)???????????? A?? i  ????????????????????????????????A??????????????????? A?????? 6?????? eds ?????????  ?[15]???????????????? Ke?Kh???????????????????? K???????(7)??  5 ( )( ) ( )e2e2m2e2e2r2m2lr2r2r2m2sLALLLArLLA1rKωωωω +−+−−=  ?8? ?? K? A? ???????? A? ???? K??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? K??????????????????????? K ?????????????????????? eω eω???????????????????????????????? 7?????????????????????????? K???????????????????????????????8????????? K????????????? PI????????????????? K????????? ?????????? K ????????? K ????????????? PI??????????? K? PD????????? 7????????????????????? PD?????? PF_t????????????????????? PF_o???????????? PF_t???????? PF_o??????? ????????? ???????????????????????? 1Hp ????????Simulink???????????? 1000rpm? 1500rpm??????????????????????????????????????? 0.1 ???????????? 8 ?????????????????????????? K ????? 0 ?0.0005???????? K ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? Sheng-Ming Yang and Chen-Haur Lee, “Digital Current Control of Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, VOL.17, NO.5, September 2002, pp.772-778. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Sheng-Ming Yang and Feng-Chieh Lin, “A Digital Current Control Technique for Voltage-Fed Induction Motor Drives”, accepted to publish in International Journal of Electronics. Sheng-Ming Yang and Feng-Chieh Lin, “Loss- Minimization Control of Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives”, accepted to publish in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers. ????[12] ????????”??????????????”?????????????.  0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3050100150200250Motor Loss(Watts)I   (A)ds e Te=50% rated load Te=12.5% rated load 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30255075100125150175200I    (A)Motor Loss(Watts)Te=50%  rated load Te=12.5%  rated load Wq Wd e ds  a) ????            b) Wq?Wd 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3012345i    (A)A=iqs/idsds  e Te=50%  rated load Te=12.5%  rated load      c) ???? A         ? 5 ????????Wedsi q?Wd????? A???????????????‘o’??????   6 0 500 1000 1500 20000.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.4We(rpm)A=iqs/idsOptim al A  curve  ? 6 ?????? A????????  rωeωeqsiedsi∗edsi+ + PIControllerVelocityController∗ωr∗eqsi+--Torque CurrentCalculatePF_oPF_t PDControllerKeKhmodelKOnline PF tuningOptimalPFCommandGeneratormeasured PF? 7 ???????????????  2000150010005000.6500.750.70-0.00050.00000.00050.00100.0015optimal PF of 1000 rpmoptimal PF of 1500 rpmcorrect K (Ke,Kh)rpm0 200 400 600 800Time (sec)Power FactorMotor SpeedK ? 8 ????????????????  ???? [1] C. M Ta, Y. Hori, “Convergence Improvement of Efficiency-Optimization Control of Induction Motor Drives”, IEEE Transactions on IAS, Vol. 37, 2001, pp. 1746 -1753. [2] B. K. Bose, N. R Patel, K. Rajashekara, “A Neuro-fuzzy-based On-line Efficiency Optimization Control of a Stator Flux-oriented Direct Vector-controlled Induction Motor Drive”, IEEE Transactions on IE, Vol. 44, April 1997, pp.  270 –273. [3] G. C. D Sousa, B. K. Bose, J. G. Cleland, “Fuzzy Logic Based On-line Efficiency Optimization Control of an Indirect Vector-controlled Induction Motor Drive”, IEEE Transactions on IE, Vol. 42, April 1995, pp. 192 -198. [4] T. C. Huang, M. A. El-Sharkawi, “Induction Motor Efficiency Maximizer Using Multi-layer Fuzzy Control”, Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems, Proceedings, ISAP '96, 1996, pp.109-113. [5] F. Blaabjerg, J. K. Pedersen, “An Integrated High Power Factor Three-phase AC-DC-AC Converter for AC-machines Implemented in one Micro- controller”, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, IEEE, 1993, pp.285-292. [6] E. Poirier, M. Ghribi, A. Kaddouri, “Loss Minimization Control of Induction Motor Drives Based on Genetic Algorithms”, Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEEE International, 2001, pp.475-478. [7] H. R. Anderson, J. K. Pedersen, "On the Energy Optimized Control of Standard and High-Efficiency Induction Motors in CT and HVAC Applications", Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, pp.621-628. [8] F. Fernandez-Bernal, A. Garcia-Cerrada, R. Faure, “Model-based Loss Minimization for DC and AC Vector-Controlled Motors Including Core Saturation”, IEEE Transactions on IAS, Vol. 36, No.3, May/June 2000, pp.755-763. [9] S. Taniguchi, T. Yoshizumi, K. Matsuse, “A Method of Speed Sensorless Control of Direct-field-oriented Induction Motor Operating at High Efficiency with Core Loss Consideration”, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Vol. 2, 1999. pp. 1244 -1250. [10] X. Lu, H. Wu, “Maximum Efficiency Control Strategy for Induction Machine”, Electrical Machines and Systems, Vol. 1, 2001, pp. 98-101. [11] H. R. Anderson, J. K. Pedersen, "Low Cost Energy Optimized Control Strategy for a Variable Speed Three-phase Induction Motor", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE-PESC, Vol. 1, pp. 920-924. [12] S.M Yang and F.C. Lin, “Loss-Minimization Control of Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives”, The 4th International Conference on Power Electronics and Power Systems (PEDS), Bali, Indonesia, Oct. 2001, pp.182-187. [13] ?????????????-????:????????????1/3???????????????????????NSC 89-2213-E-032-028? [14] ?????????????-????:????????????2/3???????????????????????NSC 89-2213-E-032-041? [15] D. Kirschen, D. W. Novotny, and W. Suwanwisoot, "Minimizing induction Motor Losses by Excitation Control in Variable Frequency Drives", IEEE Transactions on IAS, Vol. 20, 1984, pp.1244-1250.    7 

Optimal Efficiency Control of Induction Motor Drives(III)

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Optimal Efficiency Control of Induction Motor Drives(I)

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