計畫編號：NSC91-2416-H032-004研究期間：200208~200307研究經費：511,000[[sponsorship]]行政院國家科學委員

石豐宇

計畫編號：NSC91-2416-H032-004研究期間：200208~200307研究經費：511,000行政院國家科學委員

Tamkang University Institutional Repository

????????????????  ????   ??????????????????????   ?????????? ?????NSC91-2416-H-032-004- ?????91?08?01??92?07?31? ???????????????     ?????????  ??????????, ???     ?????????  ?????????????     ? ? ? ? 93?2?13? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? A Study of Optimal Fares and Frequency for Freeway Bus Companies in Oligopoly Markets ?????NSC 91-2416-H-032-004 ?????91?8?1??92?7?31? ???????  ?????????? ?????????? ???   ??????????  一、中文摘要  ????????????????囼?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????…??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1) ??????????????2) ????????????????????????????????  關鍵詞???????????????  Abstract  Due to the deregulation of freeway bus services issued by Ministry of Transportation and Communication in 1995,more and more bus companies now join the very competitive market. The market is growing steadily because the service quality of freeway buses is improved while the railway tickets are in shortage and the airfares of domestic flights are rising. Meanwhile, some bus companies lower their fares while the others improve their service quality to enhance their competitiveness. Therefore, setting up the optimal fare levels and frequency to maximize profits is the top priority for all bus companies. On the other hand, preventing cutthroat competition and satisfying the needs of inter-city commuters are the major concerns for transportation authorities. To maximize their profits, bus companies often compete in fares and service quality, i.e. vehicles, comfort, and driver’s services…etc. Previous studies that usually solved the problem by mathematical programming approach could only be applied to monopoly market for one company.  In the market, however, bus companies would face the competition from other competitors, including other modes of transportation.  As a result, the decision by one company is affected by the decisions made by the others.  Therefore, this study applies game theory, i.e., non-cooperative games with full information, to analyze the interaction among bus companies.  The content of the study includes: 1) modeling the profit functions for freeway bus companies; 2) solving fare levels and frequency under market equilibrium. The results could be provided as guidance for policy makers.  Keywords: f eeway buses, oligopoly competition, game theory  二、緣由與目的  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 1??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 79?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??84???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(?? 91 ?)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????(???????????)?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????-?????-?????-??????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????  三、結果與討論  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? 1.???? (1)??????????????????? (2)????????????????????????????? 2.???? ????????????[1]?????????????? ijkijkikjijk Costqp −×=π             [1] ??? ??? k??? ij???? ijkpijkq ??? k??? ij??????? ijkCost ??? k??? ij?????? 3.???? ????????????????????????[2]? ijkijijk RQq ∗=                  [2]  2???Q ??? ij?????? ijijkR ??? k??? ij???????????????????? 4.???? ????????????????(???????????????????????????(???????????)?????????????)?????(?????)?????? ????????[3] ijkijkijkijk FCFVCTC +⋅= )(         [3] ???VC ???? ij ????????? ?????? ij ?????????F ?????? ij???????? ijkijkFCijk5.?????? ??????????????????????????????????? (1)????(Bertrand??) ?????????(??????)?????????????? ?? 1?????????????????  ?? 2?????????????????????????????????  ?? 3??? 0=∂∂iiPY (?????)? ??????????? P*???????? f*??? F*?  ???????  ??P         ??Pi-1P*i (2)????(Stackelberg??) ???????????????????? ?? 1????????????????(???? Bertrand????????????????) ????????? 2??????????? 3?????(???)??????????????????????????? 4????? 2??????????????????????? ??P      ?YP*;Y*    四、計畫成果自評  ???????? 1.?? (1)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (2)????????????????????? (3)???????????????????? (4)???????????????? (5)????????????? 2.?? (1)??????????????????????? (2)??????????????????????????????????? (3)???????????? ???????????????????[1]?  ? 1?????????? ???????? ? ???? ?  3??????? ? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????????????????????????   五、參考文獻  [1]  ???????????????????????????????? [2]  ????????????????????????????? [3]  ?????????????????????????????????????? [4]  ?????????????????????????????????????? [5]  ????????????????????????????????? [6]  ?????????????????-????????????? [7]  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [8]  ?????????????????????????????? [9]  ?????????????????????????????????????  4

A Study of Optimal Fares and Frequency for Freeway Bus Companies in Oligopoly Markets

http://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:8080/dspace/bitstream/987654321/6222/2/912416H032004.pdf

[[alternative]]A Study of Optimal Fares and Frequency for Freeway Bus Companies in Oligopoly Markets

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