Bent, Dick

Brantingham, Paul

Kinney, Bryan

Simon Fraser University Institutional Repository

Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies It’s in the Data: University-Police Collaborative Research Gary Bass: Moderator  Bryan Kinney, Paul Brantingham, Dick Bent: Presenters Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies The ICURS-Policing Big Data Research Experience • Joint Research using big police data sets  • Collaborative, Multi-Disciplinary  • Linked international labs   • Secure High Performance Computing Lab (CFI)  Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Today: Selected ICURS Themes • Mental Health and Policing • Complexity of policing • Economics of policing • Rural and Remote Policing • Big Data ▫ Crime Analysis ▫ Criminal Analysis ▫ Perception and Fear Analysis  Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Mental Health and Policing • Emergency rooms ▫ Collaborative: ICURS/police/health authority ▫ Fraser Valley Health Authority ▫ E Division and independent departments ▫ Interviews, Big Data analysis ▫ Policy Alternatives • Forensic Hospital ▫ 100 most violent forensic patients ▫ Policing and health trajectory Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Preliminary Findings • A disproportionate amount of police time required to deal with SAMI population • This group also consumes a lot of health and social service resources and policing resources and has specific needs • ER focal point • Compounded by recurring contacts with police and Emergency Rooms • “Not just a policing issue” Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies 59% 16% 7% 4% 4% 7% 3% 1% 12% 11% 8% 7% 8% 25% 17% 12% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%1 to 10 11 to 20 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 200 Over 200Analysis of 44,500 EDP Events E-Division PIRS Data Set 2000-2006 Percentage of Subjects Percentage of EventsLeast prolific 59% of primary subjects accounted for only 12 % of events  Most prolific 1 %  of primary subjects accounted for 12% of events Spatial Distribution of EDP Calls for Service: Descending Order  • Alcohol-Points-of-Sale • City Hall • Criminal Justice Services • Hospital • Pharmacies • Public Health Offices • Mental Health, Substance Use, and/or Addiction Services (Private & Public) • Walk-in Clinics  Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Economics of Policing Studies • Government expenditures for policing service have increased but at the same pace as expenditures for other government services including health care, education and recreation • While the standard crime rate has declined, the volume of calls for police services has not • Police work has become far more complicated over time  Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies CFS and CRIME Calls– RCMP E-Division 157,688 173,149 50233 47363 020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,0002008 2009 2010 2011 2012Events  Surrey Detachment 2008-2012 Surrey CFSSurrey UCR ViolationsInstitute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Example of complexity • A working generation ago policing tasks were dramatically less complex than they are at present • Handling a break and enter case then compared to now involved  ▫ Fewer steps ▫ Fewer requirements ▫ Significantly less time to “process” Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies B&E Former and Current Process Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Northern, Rural and Remote • Adds to complexity in police, wider CJS and governmental services • Further study needed for pros/cons of policing outside of major population centres • Limited (or no) availability of services • Life-work balance, stress, always ‘on the job’ • Community expectations  Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Challenges • While there are benefits to policing in smaller, rural/remote communities ▫ Potential for cohesive and self-sustaining ethos ▫ Look out for your community • There are concerns ▫ Substance misuse, under employment, poverty and suicide, among others ▫ Standard Crime Rates suggest northern areas have more violent offense rates per capita than rest of Canada  Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Logistic / Economic Challenges • Northern, Rural and Remote tend to have different: ▫ Response times ▫ Shift/scheduling ▫ Leaves, training (HR available strength) ▫ Travel costs (fuel, alternative methods) ▫ Geography ▫ Climate Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Research Agenda ‘non-urban policing’ • Examine non-urban policing contexts for: ▫ Advantages ▫ Disadvantages • Methods for capturing police work, value, performance, etc., for detachments/units with less urban populations ▫ Classifications of “northern”, “rural” and “remote” by population, population density, proximity to emergency care, etc. Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Policing research and Big Data • Big record counts and Big complexity of records • Layers of data  • Types of Analysis ▫ Hot Spots and Journey to Crime ▫ Co-offending networks and gangs ▫ Crime Corridors ▫ New measures of the problem ▫ Predictive Policing Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Layers of Big Data for Police Research Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Density of Liquor Outlets and Assaults Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies   Crime Event / Offender Home Hot Spot (based on 213,906 data, Point Density (100m,500m)  Contour ) Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Arrow lines showing repetitive (10+) offenders’ home location to MT Mall Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Spatio-Temporal Directionality of Crime at a Transportation Hub Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies   Fear of Crime Jordan Ginther, ICURS Activity Nodes Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies ICURS drug network analysis Thanks to Dr. Richard Frank, Dr. Uwe Glaesser  Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Crime Corridors • Police data in many cities are reported by address or intersection • Police are major users of crime analysis and crime analytics • Police usually need to know what the crime history is at a specific location. ▫ You can have crime very high at one location but very little or no crime in adjacent buildings. • Crime can be very high in one block but low in adjacent blocks. • Crime corridors allow visualization of crime data that is otherwise very difficult to absorb and use.   Thanks to Dr. Valerie Spicer and Mr. Justin Song Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Crime Corridor for One Street Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Crime corridors in a large city Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Multiple Measures of Crime and Police Work  • Uniform Crime Reports Measures ▫ The Standard Crime Rate ▫ The Crime Severity Index • New Crime Gravity Score ▫ Developed at ICURS ▫ Utilizes UCR data •  Location Quotients of Crime ▫ Developed at ICURS ▫ Identifies Local Crime Problem     Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies 87 55 66 0204060801001201998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Trends in Crime Gravity, Crime Severity and the Standard Crime Rate British Columbia Values Indexed to 1998 = 100 CGS CSI SCRInstitute for Canadian Urban Research Studies LCQ for Violent Crime Rate and LQC in BC: Rebecca Carleton (2014) Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies Future • More Canadian Policing Research conducted collaboratively with Universities on continuing basis • Expansion of Secure Research Data Warehouses at universities under police and ministry sponsorship • Increased use of PhD students and Post Docs Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies 

It’s in the Data: University-Police Collaborative Research

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Simon Fraser University Institutional Repository