Creating interfaces for cultural heritage access is considered a fundamental research field because of the many beneficial effects it has on society. In this era of significant advances towards natural interaction with machines and deeper understanding of social communication nuances, it is important to investigate the communicative strategies human experts adopt when delivering contents to the visitors of cultural sites, as this allows the creation of a strong theoretical background for the development of efficient conversational agents. In this work, we present the data collection and annotation protocols adopted for the ongoing creation of the reference material to be used in the Cultural Heritage Resources Orienting Multimodal Experiences (CHROME) project to accomplish that goa

Alfano, Iolanda

Cataldo, Violetta

Cutugno, Francesco

D'Errico, Francesca

Origlia, Antonio

Poggi, Isabella

Savy, Renata

Vincze, Laura

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

An Audiovisual Corpus of Guided Tours in Cultural Sites: DataCollection protocols in the CHROME ProjectAntonio OrigliaURBAN/ECO ResearchCenter, University ofNaples, "Federico II"Naples, Italyantonio.origlia@unina.itRenata SavyDepartment of HumanitiesStudies, University ofSalernoSalerno, Italyrsavy@unisa.itIsabella PoggiDepartment of Philosophy,Communication andPerforming Arts, Roma TreUniversityRome, Italyisabella.poggi@uniroma3.itFrancesco CutugnoDepartment of ElectricalEngineering andInformation Technology,University of Naples"Federico II"Naples, Italycutugno@unina.itIolanda AlfanoDepartment of HumanitiesStudies, University ofSalernoSalerno, Italyialfano@unisa.itFrancesca D’ErricoDepartment of Philosophy,Communication andPerforming Arts, Roma TreUniversityRome, Italyfrancesca.derrico@uniroma3.itLaura VinczeDepartment of Philosophy,Communication andPerforming Arts, Roma TreUniversityRome, ItalyLaura.vincze@gmail.comVioletta CataldoDepartment of HumanitiesStudies, University ofSalernoSalerno, Italyvioletta.cataldo@live.ittABSTRACTCreating interfaces for cultural heritage access is considered a fun-damental research field because of the many beneficial effects it hason society. In this era of significant advances towards natural inter-action with machines and deeper understanding of social commu-nication nuances, it is important to investigate the communicativestrategies human experts adopt when delivering contents to thevisitors of cultural sites, as this allows the creation of a strong theo-retical background for the development of efficient conversationalagents. In this work, we present the data collection and annotationprotocols adopted for the ongoing creation of the reference materialto be used in the Cultural Heritage Resources Orienting MultimodalExperiences (CHROME) project to accomplish that goal.CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → User studies; HCI theory,concepts and models; User models;KEYWORDSCorpus collection, guided tours, social signal processingACM Reference Format:Antonio Origlia, Renata Savy, Isabella Poggi, Francesco Cutugno, IolandaAlfano, Francesca D’Errico, Laura Vincze, and Violetta Cataldo. 2018. An Au-diovisual Corpus of Guided Tours in Cultural Sites: Data Collection protocolsin the CHROME Project. In Proceedings of 2nd Workshop on Advanced Vi-sual Interfaces for Cultural Heritage (AVI-CH 2018). Vol. 2091. CEUR-WS.org,Article 8. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2091/paper8.pdf, 4 pages.AVI-CH 2018, May 29, 2018, Castiglione della Pescaia, Italy© 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s)..1 INTRODUCTIONDeveloping Social Signal Processing [15] techniques for advanced,natural interfaces requires a significant analysis effort on multipleaspects of communication between individuals engaging in socialactivity. Collectingmeaningful corpora to document themultimodalsignals people exchange during these activities has been the subjectof a large amount of research. Among others, available corporadocument meetings [6], intercultural dynamics of first acquain-tance [1], phone calls between non acquainted subjects [10], andtwo-person dialogues [14]. The Italian national project CHROMEaims at developing a data collection and annotation procedure tosupport the development of new interactive technologies for cul-tural heritage. The project concentrates on the three CampanianCharterhouses: an integrated description of these from differentpoint of views (textual, behavioural, geometrical, etc. . . ) is beingdeveloped.In this paper, we present the data collection and annotation pro-tocols adopted in the CHROME project to obtain reference materialof expert gatekeepers, intended as holders of knowledge for othersto refer to, accompanying visitors of cultural sites. This data will beused to investigate the social communication strategies adopted bythe considered experts to deliver information to different groups ofvisitors. By comparing different experts (inter-subject comparisons)and different groups accompanied by the same expert (intra-subjectcomparison) a Gatekeeper Computational Model will be obtainedand, on the basis of this model, a socially aware conversationalagent, in the form of a 3D avatar, will be developed. This is ex-pected to improve the capabilities of an interactive agent to involvepeople in engaging presentations of cultural heritage. These willmake use of the 3D reconstructions of the three Campanian Char-terhouses, also collected in the framework of the CHROME project.1AVI-CH 2018, May 29, 2018, Castiglione della Pescaia, Italy A. Origlia et al.Figure 1: A screenshot of the ELAN interface showing thesynchronised videos of the expert and of the audience, to-gether with an example annotation.Upon completion of the project, the dataset will be made freelyavailable for the scientific community.In the next sections, we will present the data collection protocol,highlighting the chosen recording positions in the site of interestand the recording setup. We will, then, present the multimodalannotation protocol, designed to provide a formal description ofhow the guide makes use of social signals exchange to adapt thepresentation and to effectively support the verbal transfer of cul-tural contents. Next, we will describe the informative, syntacticand prosodic annotations documenting the linguistic behaviourthat characterises the domain expert. The transcribed recordings,together with the produced annotations, will be compared with acorpus of textual resources describing the objects of interest. Thiswill support the development of a synthetic voice model for 3Davatars designed to extract cultural contents from textual databasesand deliver them using social communication strategies. To improvethe quality of the model, the linguistic analysis will also include adetailed annotation of disfluency phenomena, which are importantto produce a natural sounding voice.2 DATA COLLECTIONThe data collection plan foresees a campaign of audiovisual record-ings involving four art historians with strong experience in accom-panying groups of visitors. Given the limited number of gatekeep-ers considered in the CHROME project, only female experts wererecruited to remove gender effects in multimodal and linguisticanalysis. Future extensions of the corpus will include male expertsas well.Recorded data include two Full-HD video recordings: the firstone is a fixed shot of the gatekeeper, taken from a position im-mediately next to the attending group while the second one is afixed shot of the visitors. A close range digital microphone withbackground noise cancellation is used to record the gatekeeper’svoice. Immediately after the visit, the recruited visitors compilea questionnaire composed of 23 items including both Likert scaleevaluations and open answer questions. The items are designed tocollect anagraphic data, a self-evaluation of artistic competence, anevaluation of personal satisfaction after the visit and an evaluationof the gatekeeper’s performance. These data will be used to weightobjective measures of social behaviour.Each recruited expert accompanies four groups of four people inan hour long guided tour at the SanMartino Charterhouse in Naples.Recruited members of the audience vary on a socio-demographicbasis and each group is gender balanced. The visit is divided intosix points of interest (POIs), selected as the most relevant parts ofthe Charterhouse from an architectural and artistic point of view:• Pronaos: outside the doorstep of the church. The introduc-tory part of the visit is recorded in this POI. Environmentalelements mainly consist of architectural details;• Great cloister : a large external place, near the monks’ ceme-tery. Further details about the monks’ life are given. Envi-ronmental elements consist of the natural setting of a largegarden and of the cemetery elements (e.g. memento mori);• Parlor: the first internal setting. Specific details about theCharthusians’ rules are given here. Environmental elementsmainly consist of frescoes;• Chapter hall: next to the parlor. Specific details about theCharthusians’ order are given here. Environmental elementsmainly consist of frescoes;• Wooden choir : inside the church, behind the altar. The historyof the church decoration process is given here. Environmen-tal elements consist of both architectural details (e.g. thechoir and the harmonic chassis) and artistic elements (fres-coes and statues);• Treasure hall: deeper inside the complex. Details about therelationship between the monks and the different governingparties in Naples are given. Environmental elements mainlyconsist of architectural details.The selected POIs allow us to capture the social behaviour visi-tors and gatekeepers exhibit to negotiate the approach to the visitand to document postural and gestural behaviour of an art historianpresenting a complex environment.Videos and audio recordings are synchronised a posteriori usinga visual-acoustic marker. Linguistic and multimodal annotations,performed on the synchronised versions of the collected material,will be merged using the ELAN software [17]. An ELAN project filewill be produced for each POI visit in order to allow cross-domainresearch and closed vocabularies for the label sets belonging toeach annotation domain will be used to ensure consistency. Anexample of the ELAN interface showing the two video shots and asample annotation tier is shown in Figure 1.3 MULTIMODAL ANNOTATIONThe video recording of the expert gatekeeper is annotated as to thestructure of verbal discourse and to body communicative behaviour.The discourse structure point of view is based on a previous analy-sis on videos of Art Commentators (ACs), that is, both museumsgatekeepers and art historians illustrating artworks in tv, where ageneral script was extracted of what the AC can /should say in one’swork. This allowed to outline the typical discourse structure of anyAC which, based on the analysis of discourse as a hierarchy of goals[8], distinguishes four main goals pursued by the gatekeeper: ageneral goal of cultural elevation; encompassing favouring aestheticenjoyment, imagination and emotion triggering, and, subsumed toit; the textual goals of providing information about the opera, itshistory, function, cultural milieu, and the author; the corresponding2Audiovisual Corpus of Guided Tours in Cultural Sites AVI-CH 2018, May 29, 2018, Castiglione della Pescaia, ItalyTable 1: An example of multimodality annotation.Verbal Text Discoursefunction Gesture MeaningThe Saint Martin’sCharterhouse here in Napleshas at least two soulsTextual goal:Information onthe artworkhands, palms to each other,like framing somethingI am framingthe object of discourse,MetacognitivegestureNowadays it is notonly a CharterhouseTextual goal:Information on theidentity of the artworkLeft hand moves to left,MetadiscursivegestureI locate the identityCharterhouse on my left →I build the first entitybut it is alsoa national museumTextual goal:Information on theidentity of the artworkRight handmoves to right.MetadiscursivegestureI locate the identityknown as Museum on my right ->I build the second entitySo try to imagineNaples 700 years agoEmotional goal:Solicit imagination - -modal goals of attracting and sustaining attention, favouring com-prehension and inferential connections with the tourists’ previousknowledge; interactional goals such as tuning, setting empathic con-nection with tourists. Each particular performance of a gatekeeperor other AC can be analysed in terms of this abstract script, andthis allows, among other things, to distinguish the idiosyncraticstyles of different ACs in terms of which nodes of the structurethey prefer to expand. Some mainly focus on the author and hislife, some on the deep symbolic meanings of the artwork, some onthe author’s style and the surrounding cultural milieu, and so on.The analysis of the gatekeeper’smultimodal communication takesinto account the following body communicative modalities: ges-tures, postures, head movements, facial expression, gaze communi-cation. For each communicative item in each modality, the signal isannotated in ELAN in terms of a detailed description of its produc-tion: gestures are described according to their parameters of handconfiguration, location, orientation and movement; gaze in termsof eye direction, eyebrows and eyelids movements; face in terms ofEkman’s FACS; head movements in term of head nod, shake, toss,canting; postures in terms of leg and trunk movements. Then, forthe signal described in this way, a verbal phrasing of its meaning isprovided (after [9]). Based on this meaning, the item is classified asto its role and function within the gatekeeper’s discourse structure.An example of multimodal annotation is shown in Table 1.Table 2: Disfluency annotation levelsDisfluencyTypeType of disfluentphenomenonDisfluencyFunctionPragmatic function ofthe disfluent phenomenonDisfluencyModel Model of occurrenceDisfluencyComponentsInternal regions ofthe phenomenon4 LINGUISTIC ANNOTATIONUsing the close-mic recordings, speech produced by the expertgatekeeper is analysed and annotated on different levels. From theinformative-syntactic point of view, an orthographic level is pro-duced on the basis of the indications provided by [11]. This levelinvolves the transcription of a number of elements: lexical elements,silent and filled pauses, noises, vocal (nonverbal) phenomena, trun-cated words, interrupted words, false starts and lapsus linguae. Aphonetic level is included to store the phonetic transcription of theutterances and markers of phonetic phenomena like coarticulation,following the indications found in [12]. A syllabic level is producedto allow speech fluency and speech rate analyses. A disfluency level,involving the annotation of disfluency phenomena [3, 13], is also in-cluded. This analysis level consists of four annotation tiers, detailedin Table 2.To document the prosodic component of the experts’ linguisticbehaviour, a multilevel annotation, structured in different tiers,has been produced. The considered aspects include: an intonativelevel, using the INTSINT coding scheme [4, 5], providing a labelssequence representing the f0 curve, obtained with the Prosomarkertool [7]; a pragmatic - informative level, providing an analysis ofinformation structure considering topic (preposed or postposed)and comment units [2]; a macro-syntactic level, indicating the typesof clauses dividing independent clauses from dependent clauses andspecifying the type of subordination; a syntactic level, describing themain syntactic functions; an intra-syntactic level, labelling the typeof phrase and its composition (between parenthesis); a measure ofsyntactic weight, based on [16], which takes into account both thestructure and the length of constituents. It considers the followingfeatures: ± presence of determiners, ± presence of modifiers, ±presence of pronouns, ± verbal valency saturation. An annotationexample is shown in Figure 2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTUREWORKWe have presented the data collection and annotations protocolsfor a work in progress on an audiovisual corpus documenting howcultural heritage gatekeepers support people in accessing archi-tectural heritage and consists of both video and audio recordingsto capture the social interaction process taking place between the3AVI-CH 2018, May 29, 2018, Castiglione della Pescaia, Italy A. Origlia et al.M H T(H) L H L(B) H H L S L U H L L H L HT CICSUB PRED OBJ IONP(DET+N) VP(V) NP(DET+N+PP(PREP+DET+N)) PP(PREP+NP(DET+N))NP4 VP4 NP5 PP40500100200300400Pitch (Hz)Time (s)0 9.862Figure 2: An example on the utterance I certosini devono la fondazione del loro ordine a un uomo (Carthusians due their order’sfoundation to a man). The order of the annotation tiers is the one found in the text.group guide and the attending audience. Annotation levels coverlinguistic and multimodal aspects of communication to allow amulti-faceted investigation of the ongoing communicative process.The collected material will be used as reference to build a computa-tional model of a 3D virtual character presenting reconstructionsof architectural heritage sites.6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAntonio Origlia’s work is funded by the Italian PRIN project Cul-tural Heritage Resources OrientingMultimodal Experience (CHROME)#B52F15000450001.REFERENCES[1] Jens Allwood, Nataliya Berbyuk Lindström, and Jia Lu. 2011. Intercultural dy-namics of fist acquaintance: comparative study of swedish, chinese and swedish-chinese first time encounters. In International Conference on Universal Access inHuman-Computer Interaction. Springer, 12–21.[2] Jeanette K Gundel. 1988. Universals of topic-comment structure. Studies insyntactic typology 17 (1988), 209–239.[3] Adolf E Hieke. 1981. A content-processing view of hesitation phenomena. Lan-guage and Speech 24, 2 (1981), 147–160.[4] Daniel Hirst andAlbert Di Cristo. 1998. A survey of intonation systems. Intonationsystems: A survey of twenty languages (1998), 1–44.[5] Daniel Hirst, Albert Di Cristo, and Robert Espesser. 2000. Levels of representationand levels of analysis for the description of intonation systems. In Prosody: Theoryand experiment. Springer, 51–87.[6] Iain McCowan, Jean Carletta, W Kraaij, S Ashby, S Bourban, M Flynn, M Guille-mot, T Hain, J Kadlec, V Karaiskos, and others. 2005. The AMI meeting corpus.In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Methods and Techniques inBehavioral Research, Vol. 88. 100.[7] Antonio Origlia and Iolanda Alfano. 2012. Prosomarker: a prosodic analysis toolbased on optimal pitch stylization and automatic syllabi fication.. In Proc. of theInternational Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC). 997–1002.[8] Domenico Parisi and Cristiano Castelfranchi. 1976. The discourse as a hierarchy ofgoals. Centro Internazionale di Semiotica e di Linguistica, Università di Urbino.[9] Isabella Poggi. 2007. Mind, hands, face and body: a goal and belief view of multi-modal communication. Weidler.[10] Hugues Salamin, Anna Polychroniou, andAlessandro Vinciarelli. 2013. Automaticdetection of laughter and fillers in spontaneous mobile phone conversations. InSystems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE,4282–4287.[11] Renata Savy. 2005. Specifiche per la trascrizione ortografica annotata dei testi.Italiano Parlato, Analisi di un dialogo (2005), 1–28.[12] Renata Savy. 2005. Specifiche per l’etichettatura dei livelli segmentali. ItalianoParlato. Analisi di un dialogo. Napoli: Liguori (2005).[13] Elizabeth Ellen Shriberg. 1994. Preliminaries to a theory of speech disfluencies.Ph.D. Dissertation. Citeseer.[14] Yasir Tahir, Debsubhra Chakraborty, Tomasz Maszczyk, Shoko Dauwels, JustinDauwels, Nadia Thalmann, and Daniel Thalmann. 2015. Real-time sociometricsfrom audio-visual features for two-person dialogs. In Digital Signal Processing(DSP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 823–827.[15] Alessandro Vinciarelli, Maja Pantic, and Hervé Bourlard. 2009. Social signalprocessing: Survey of an emerging domain. Image and vision computing 27, 12(2009), 1743–1759.[16] Miriam Voghera and Giuseppina Turco. 2007. Il peso del parlare e dello scrivere.In Proc. of International Conf. Il Parlato Italiano, Liguori, Napoli.[17] Peter Wittenburg, Hennie Brugman, Albert Russel, Alex Klassmann, and HanSloetjes. 2006. ELAN: a professional framework for multimodality research. InProc. of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC).1556–1559.4

An audiovisual corpus of guided tours in cultural sites : data collection protocols in the CHROME project

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8677979/file/8677980

An audiovisual corpus of guided tours in cultural sites : data collection protocols in the CHROME project

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Ghent University Academic Bibliography