The traditional way of teaching surgery involves students observing a �live� surgery and then gradually assisting experienced surgeons. The creation of a Virtual Reality environment for orthopedic surgery (VEOS) can be beneficial in improving the quality of training while decreasing the time needed for training. Developing such virtual environments for educational and training purposes can supplement existing approaches. In this research, the design and development of a virtual reality based environment for orthopedic surgery is described. The scope of the simulation environment is restricted to an orthopedic surgery process known as Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) surgery. The primary knowledge source for the LISS surgical process was Miguel A. Pirela-Cruz (Head of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTHSC)). The VEOS was designed and developed on a PC based platform. The developed VEOS was validated through interactions with surgical residents at TTHSC. Feedback from residents and our collaborator Miguel A. Pirela-Cruz was used to make necessary modifications to the surgical environment.Industrial Engineering & Managemen
