Komai, Taku

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RIGHT:URL:CITATION:AUTHOR(S):ISSUE DATE:TITLE:On Another Form ofStephanoscyphus, found in theWaters of JapanKomai, TakuKomai, Taku. On Another Form of Stephanoscyphus, found in the Waters of Japan.Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University. Ser. B 1936, 11(3): 175-1831936-03-30http://hdl.handle.net/2433/257838ME.NIolRS. oF TffE CoLLEaE oF SclEIIcE, KyoTo                VoL. XI, No. 3, ART.Iptf?F.RIAL6, i936.tl>IIVERSITY, $ERIESBOn Anether Form      found in theof Seephanoscyphus,Waters of JapaRByrraku KeMAI(Institute of Zoolotssy, Kyote Imperial LIniversity)'yprith 4- Text-fig•antes(Recelved February 7, l936)                        Intreduction    As has been s`tated in rr}y former paper (1935), StePhaizo-scyPhus, the scyphostome stage of the primitive peromedgsa Nausithoe',has varioub'" hig'ftly characterist{c features. First, it forms an ex-tensive colony much like that of the hydrozo(5'n. The colony isfurnisheit with a well-developedi chiltinoLis periderm covering all thesoft parts. Each polyp has the essentiai strgctttre of the scyphostomeof Discornedusae; but it has a number of teeBioles arranged allround the central gasti'al cavity, iRstead of only four, that is, oneat the base of each mesentety. Eggs of very iarge size, or malegerm cells of fairly advanced stage, are formed in inesenteries.These, however, seem to degenerate completely without beiRg dis-charged. k has also been demonstrated that strobilation of thepolydisc type occurs in these polyps.    This curious coelenterate is found in large quantities in theshallow waters arouRd our Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. Inother localities it was recorded a long time ago from certain regionsof the MediterraneaR, but froin nowhere else, nor ever since. Thisis a rat'fier s#ril<ing fact because the medusoid stage Arausitlzole' hasbeeR reported from variotis parts of the tropical and sul)tropicalseas of bot'R hemispheres.'•  1) 1{n a pet"sonal ietter Sir Sii)NF.y Ylt. I'IARx,t:•R has kindly informed nie of the factthat among the specimens sent to liim from the Siboga collection, he found variotisorganisms which he thinl<s were certainly StePhttnoscypltits. These were sent backto ?rof. WF.BnR to be examined by sotne ether specialist. However, as far a,sIhavebeen able to find, nothing has been publishecl concerning these materials in the reportsof the Siboga Expedition. According to Sir SiDNF.y, the locality where those materialswere collectecl was the ]N,Ialay Archipelago, which is undoubtedly one of the mostpromising pl'ace for huntinsr Åíor StePhanosc)7Phtes.176 "I'. ll<ot)vifx.f             ebservations on tbe NTew Materiai   Recently, some specimelts of apparently another form of thiscoelenterate collected from Rew localities have come into my hands forexamination. These specimens are in the possession of the BiologicalLaboratory in the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, aRd I am indebted to                                   Dr. H. HArÅíToRi for theI,ts'g2kleslg, < ><><?(?,iij>>rif p><s]< . ApSiii/1<ljitiLlg t<.s-tii s• -rt)ig,l(  o  )i)i/i'./hiii.iiii  >p)i3l                    tll N--...-.--"S'X     Cic,! ltl'illf":n.tt5klllli'i'((so9i Fig. 1. StePhanosc.vl)hi{s cornifTornr,i,s n. sp. .Aspecimen from Japan Sea. A. Entire specimenÅ~8. p....set of conicai processes. B. Basalportion with the fixing disc (d). xSO.privilege of exammmgthem. There are fourspecimens mounted in totoon slides. One of theiix}was collected fron SagamiBay ca. 3 iiRiles off Arasakiat a depth of ca. 50 fathomsand was fouRd attachedto the hydrold Clathro.7.ol5n.The remaining three werefotmd from the Japan Seaoff Ukagawa, Morihasi-mura, Hugesi-gÅím, Isikawa-l<en, at a depth of 32-35fathoms, being attached tothe dead shell of a bivalve.Crgcial examination 'ofthese specimens has madeit clear that they are thecaeoÅí StePhanoscyPl?.us, andprobably of another speciesthai} that fognd in Seto.The specimens (Figs. 1, 2)are c"nitinous meinbraR•eous tul)es', horn-lils[e inshape, open at ene broaclerend aRd closed at theRarrower end where asmall disc-like appendixfor fixation is attached.Numerous circular rimswkich apparently serve forsupport something lil<e thecartilageous rings of k-a-          On Another Form of StePha77oscyPhzts, etc. 177chea, are arranged at reguiar disfances on the surface. The tubethus appears to be madeup of aRumber of rings sgperposed uponone another. As regards size, there is a consideral)le differencebetween the specirr}en from Sagami Bay and those from the JapanSea. The former is ca. 6mm. in length, while the diameters ofthe clistal and basal encl•b'x are ca. O.6mm. and O.15mm. respectively      rt                            M"•.-,i.i.,i,il,ilg'//I. //:1,.. ':'i/e'i•,?,,/f'ili,i.•.ii..i.ii}            Im rn, P,          5i         /f/2/A     '      ' Fig. 2. StePhanosc.yf)htts co2'niforfnis n. sp. TheSagami l3ay. A. E.ntire specimen. Å~20. B. Thex in A. xI09. m.,.naesentery, t,..tentacles,specimen fromportion markecl'l,7S T. K<)pt•l,•xl(Fig. 2). Of the latter specimens, two are both ca. 17.5inm. inlength, 1.5mm. in diameter at tine distal end aRd O.15mm. in dla-meter at the basal end (Fig. 1). The third specimen lacks thebasal portion; bnt it was obviously of about the same size as t"lteot'fiers. It is highly probable tlqat the smallest speclmen repre.sentsa youRger stage of the Iarger speclmens, though it }las come froma differenir locality. "1"he sperwimen consists of abogt twenty ringswhich are all relatively high, while the larger specimens consist ofmuch more numerous rings all of which are, relatively, very low.FÅíirther, in the larger speciiiriens each ring is marked with iRcon-spicuous and irregular longitudinal striae, so that t'ne tube cfiLppearsÅío be sca}y, especially in the distal parts.    Inside the tube a rather conspicuous structure i3• feund in allof t'fie specimens (Figs. 1---4). This is a set oÅí conical processesoccurring at fairly regular intervals along the leBgth oÅí the tube.The proces•o"' is hollow and resei7iibles the thorn of a rose but hasa blunt tip, varying in size considerably as shown in Fig. 3. Ineach set there are 4-6 of suc"R processes situated on nearly tinesame level, so that the lumen of the tube in t"nis region is restrictedto a cruciform or stelliform passage. Seven oÅí such sets are fogndin the smallest specimen, while the larger ones are provided withmore than ten sets. These processes probably serve as mechanicalsupport to t"ne membraneoLis tube, holding it erect.    The basal disc is ca. O.3mm. in diameter aRd consists of achitinous substance deposited in somewhat network-lil<e manner(Fig. 1, B). . '    All of the specimens contain soft parts, oÅí which the exactcondition is hard to make out owiRg to poor preservation. Still itib-' apparent that they cont•aiR four longitudiRal strands runRingthroughout the length around an axial gastral cavity. These aremesenteries without doubt (Fig. 2, B, rc). In the distal regionsthey are folded very thickly, and furnished with nematocysts whichcorrespond in size and shape precisely what I called macronemato-cysts in my former paper. Hardly any other interfial structurecan be made out in the larger specimeRs. In the sin.allest specimen,however, a cluster of finger-lil<e processes can be seen at the distalend of the soft part retracted into the tube (t). Obviously theseprocesses are contracted tentacles. •           OG7. Anotl2er Fo'rm of StePha",oscyPJ7.7ts, etc. 179                         Remarks    In view of the scantiness of the material as well as of the poorpre.q.ervation of the soft parts, it is hard to decide the identity ofthe specimens. Still there seems to be no room for dogbtin.g, thatt"Rey are t'necae oÅí StePltanoscyPJztts. This is clear from t"ne generalsh'ucture of the perideriin and the presence of four mesenteries inthe soft parts. Especially noteworthy is the presence of the setsof thorn-like processes on the iniernal wall of the periderm. Fulidescriptions of this structure are given by bot'R ALLMAN (1874) andScfiuf.zE (1877), who were practically the only workers on thiscoelenterate for many years. Thus ALLMAN states, "At ratherirregular distances aclong its length its iRiter surface sends off re-marl<able processes, which project far into the interior. At fourequidistant points, situated on the same level, a thin chitinouslamina separates from the inner surface of t"lte tube, and forms ahollow pyrairnidal process. The four processes thus formed radiate to-wards t"fte axis, pushing before t'fiem tbo soft parts, and forming a stelli-ferm constriction of t"fie body. Between each of these four radiat-ing processes a mnch smaller one is sometimes present, thus i'aising    ,,,, to eight the number of processes in   .:,v--r---nv'-N""'r• um," a set', and indicating an increase in   1!iiI:         is , 1   ':' " j' ]   11 lii 'i' l' >' i ---av''        'tt,,"1 ,  ]iin i  11:i.lil'l, .i  jilUtkt•:ipWlxi'l`1)t,   iXii., Fig. 3.fo2vnis n.cludingofa 'x30.ii.ilji/i llILlliis    ii'i111-l/li-    ,;,,ts ,,i ,;.`;-i ,"`g,i .t2iii,•il7  II.' n)1;     ce  aO:l     ofll     Darll   s  .teK     tii    tl    t-'"' "•L" , i t •, Ak Ki • --:A,•iiju<(r•.)ll  .I.ti,i',''     pf,- i,' i 1 l,i.,-l;/---,t 2• ,i l's:ny'' '   ..Lm' ' ,umrt,-ltt:l     , ' ..L..t-ne:i   l" , .:...sl.    StePhanosc),Plius  sp. Apart ofspeclmen from Japan              eof'nt-                in-a set of conical process (p)/               Ee .number by consecutive intercalationsof younger ones between those previ-ously formed" (ALLMAN, 1874, p. 63).ScHuLzE's description of the samestructure is as follows:---,,Viel auÅí-fallender aber als diese inconstanteRRiRgfalten sind gewisse wirtelf6rmiggestellte und oft auch symrnetrisc"Rgeordnete Vorspr"nge, weiche an ge-wissen Stellen in das Lumen derSkeletro"hre vorspringen. Meistensfinden sich vier symmetrisch gestellteVersprixnge in einem Wirtel, seltener6 oder 8, von denen dann 4 kreuzweisegesteilt sich durch Gr6sse auszeichnen,wahrend die kieineren in der Mittezwischen zwei gr6sseren auftreten.Die merkwtlrdigen Bildungen bestehenaus den innersten Lamellen cles ge-180 T. Ko",IAIschichteten Chitinrohres welche sich in Form eine•s hohlen Bttckels                     'Rach innen iR das ROhrenlumen vorbauchen, und pfiegen die Gestaiteiner menschlichen INase zu habeR " (Sc}iuLzE, 1877, p. 803). ]VIore-over, both of the authorb't give very c!ear figure'o' of this curiousstructure (ALu,{AN, figs. 3, 5,6; S:HuLzF., figs. 6, CJ,10; KoMAi,1935, figs. 1, 2). Rather singularly, fne corresponding strtictm'e ismissing in the specimens from Seto. Tliis fact impressed me whileIwas workiRg on the material from this locality. Since t'fie specimensuncler description first came to my observation I examined morerfiaterial from Seto for comparlson. And the result was to confirmmy previous finding. It is true that among the Seto specimens thereare some--especially small ones- in w"nich similar processes arefound. But these are scattered here and there on the inner wallof the tube, and are never in the forin of such regular sets asmentioRed above. Besides, the theca in the Seto specimens has athicker wall than that in the present spesimens. This differencemay have cagsed t"ne presence or absence of the sets of processe•tse'apparently serving as supports.    Further, as polnted out in my former paper, the specimeitsoccurring in Seto sbow a inocle of branching different from that inÅíhe previously described specimens. The former undergo racemosebranchings three or four times consecuÅíively in well-developGclcolonies, so that the eRtire periderm system appears not unlike theinfioresceRce of an umbellifereus plant. ScHui.zE's specimen seemsto form a colony simi!ar to the former. The mode of branc'niRghowever is apparently more irregular ; a new braRch is formed fromthe side of the older branch, so that the entire coloity has a dendriticappearance. ALLMAN's specimeR has another configuration. T'netheca project direct from ca networl< of stolon, and the entire colonyappears somewhat Iike a creeping herb. In all the specimensmentioned thus far, the coioRy is imbeddecl in a mass oE some kindof sponge. The preseRt speeimens, howexner, are all isolated, andare attached to the substratum by means of a fixing disc. Further,they are entirely naked, and witbout any sponge tissue coating t"item.    To summarize, all of the specimens mentioned above show suchsimiiarities with one another that there seems to be no ciuestionthat they belong to the same genus, StePlzanosc.vPhzts. Next, as tothe ciuestion whether they beloRg to the same species or not, thediscrepancies among them pointed out above, seem to be s'ftarpenough, Moreover, the Seto specimens seem to have many more           On Another Formtentacles than the Mediterraneanspecimens; whereas in the formerthere are usually 100-200 tenta-cles, the latter have only about 40tentacles according to both ALL-MAN and ScHuLzE. But there is thepossibility that the specimens ofStePhanoscyPlzzts hitherto found--at least some of them-representdifferent stages of development ofone and the same form. Especial-ly the new Japanese specimensunder description seem to showa rather close similarity to ALL-MAN's form in the structure ofthe thecae.    In this connection the me-                     'dusoid stage may well be takeninto consideration. Of the me-dusoid, there is a single well-known species, Nausithob' Pztnc-tata, recorded from the Mediter-ranean as well as from the tropicaland subtropical seas. The formof this medusa occurring in Seto,as mentioned in my former paper,regular in organization, and has               "compared withnese specimens are hardlyspecimens in any of thesetive feature has yet beenis of very primitive organizationof StePhanoscyPhus, etc. 181••ili'il•k, ,,.lti.,.,i ,  .t. t :tt.li".tii,litll\il-•.,.ttw.te-lk•,,gme-;                                 Fig. 4. StePhanosc.vPhus cornijormis n.                               sp. A part of theca including three sets                               of conical processes (p) of the specimen                               from Sagami Bay. Å~40.                             is s aller in size and more ir-                            usually more elongate gonads, as             the specimens from other localities. But sorne Japa-                        distinguishable from the Mediterranean                      respects. It is possible that no distinc-                      d veloped in the medusoid stage which                          and only short-lived, even if thecorresponding scyphostome stage are differentiated from one another.At the same time the discovery of StePhanoscyPlaus in rather deepregions of the sea seems to be of some interest, in view of the factthat there are four or five species of deep-sea medusae which havebeen assigned to the genus Naztsithoe' or to the closely related genusNavtPhanta. (MAyER 1910, KRuMBAcH, 1925).    As should be clear from the above statements, the identity ofthe various forms of StePhanoscyPhus recorded thus far is still ratherobscure. Yet on the basis of Qurpresent knowledge, the followingl82 T. KoMAItentative classification of the Genus StePhartoscyPhtts seems war-ranted.        ClassMcation of the Genus Stephascoscyphees    Solitary (?), naked, t"neca providecl with several sets of conicalprocesses on the inner wall....... S. cornil"of'mis n. sp. Sagami Bay (50 fathoms) aRcl JapaiiSea (3L9.-35 fa'thoms).    Colony creeping, thecae project clirect from stol•on, and providedwith sets of conical processes. TeRtacles ca. 36 in number.......S. mirabilis ALLMAN (1874). Antibes, sonth coast ofFrance (iittoral).    Colony erect, brancliing lateral; thecae provided with sets ofconical processes. Tentacle:3 up to 40 in number.. . . . . . S. fistz•tlaris (F. E. Sc}-iuLzE) (1877) (described ftcs Sf)o77gicolafistularis). Adriatic.    ColoRy erect, branching racemose ; thecae witbou# the regularsets oÅí internal processes. Tentacles 100-2eO in number....,.. S. }'acefyioszt.s R. sp. Seto, coast of. Kii PeRinsula (iittoral),                         SiJmmal'y    Some specimens apparently bel'onging to StePhanoscyPhbts anclprobably specifically different froirR the ferm commoft in the viciRityof Seto have been discovered in rather deep regions of t"ne JapanSea and Sagami Bay. These are isolated thecae avvithout a coatingof sponge. They are provided with sets of coRical projections ont"Re inner wall at ratber yegular intervals, exactly as in the formspreviously described by ALLMAN and Sc}iuLzF. frem the ]Vfedlter-ranean. ' These projections are reissing in the Seto specimens;moreover the latter tmdergo racerRose branchings, in centrast wit"nthe irreg"lar lateral branchings of Scffui.zE's speciinen and also thecreeping colony of ALLMAN's specimen. ffence the tentative clas-si'fication of the Genus StePhanoscyPhus into S, corniformis n. sp.,S. nzirabilis Ai.LiyiAN, S. .f7st?•tlaf'is (Sc!iuLzF.) and S. racenioszes n. sp.seeiir}s warraRted,             On A"other Forsc•z of StePhanoscyl)hass, etc. 183                 ' Literature citeclfi-L{.{.ptf,KN, G. J. (1874). On the structure and systematic position of StePhanoscvPh?,ts   mirabilis, the type of a new order of }/Iyclrozoa. Trans. I.inn. 9. oc., Ser. Lt, Zool. I,   61-66. pl. 11Ko.sfAi, T. (19. 35). On StephanoscyPhu,s ancl ?Vattsitftod ]VIem. Coll. Sci., Kyoto Imp.   Vniv., Ser. B, 10, 28{ -339., pls. 21, 22.KRu.NfttActt, Th. (19.25). `S:hyphozoa' in KUI<enthal and Krumbach's Hanclbtich cl.   Zoologie.IVfAy}iR, A. C/. /L191 O). rv{edttsae of the 'VXrorld. III. The Scyphomedusae.Sci{uLzE, l;. E. (1877). SPon.aicola .tistftlaris, ein in Spongien wohnendes Hydrozoo.n.   Arch. A'Iikr. Anat. IP,, 79. 5-817, Taf. 45-tl7.

On Another Form of Stephanoscyphus, found in the Waters of Japan

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On Another Form of Stephanoscyphus, found in the Waters of Japan

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