Shinke, Namio

Ueda, Katsumi

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RIGHT:URL:CITATION:AUTHOR(S):ISSUE DATE:TITLE:A Cytomorphological andCytochemical Study of Cyanophyta(I) : An Electron Microscope Studyof Oscillatoria princepsShinke, Namio; Ueda, KatsumiShinke, Namio ...[et al]. A Cytomorphological and Cytochemical Study of Cyanophyta (I) :An Electron Microscope Study of Oscillatoria princeps. Memoirs of the College of Science,University of Kyoto. Series B 1956, 23(1): 101-1041956-12-30http://hdl.handle.net/2433/258054ME}tOIRS Off TIIE COLLE6E OF SCIENCE, UtsTISTERslTIT OF KYOTO, SERIEs B,              Vol. XXIII, No. 2, Article 13, l956 A Cytomorphological and Cytochemical Stucly of CyaRopbyta I.     An ElectroR Micresco'pe Study of osciuator•ia princeps.                                   by                  Namie SHINKE and Katsumi UEDA                Botanic Dept., Faculty of Seience, Kyoto University                         (Received Oetober 20, l956)    Tlte structure of the cyanophyta cell has long been a subject of controversy(cÅí Poljansky and Petrusc}iewsky, 1929; Geitler, 1932). 9uring the last decade,however, Bringman (1950) and Herbst (1953, l954) have regarded the globularboClies feuRd in the cells as e(}[aivalent to the nuelei of higlter organism$•'    In the cel]s of OsciZlatoriaprinceps, O. Zinzosa, Scytonema crispitn} and others,however, one of us (N. S.) has recognized malty thin threads'which run g.inuoms}ythroughout the protoplast and has regarded t.hem as the .chromonemata or thechromosomes. It is intended -in this study to see the structure of the cel]s inOsctlLatorics pr'Lnceps in more complete details with an e}ectron microscope.    The trichomes of the plant were fixed l% esmium tetraoxide dis$olvgd inphosphate bttffer at pH 7.4,. Then the materia{ was de}iydrated and embededin a mixture of methyl and n-but}]yl' rr}ethacry]ate, fellowed by the cutting witha glass knife.                                 Result    Before entering inte the main subjeet of this study, the result of the ebserva-tion with the optical microscope is summarized as fellew:    M.any sinuous threads distribute not enly in tbe central (eentroplasm) butalso in tl]e peripheral part (chromatoplasm) of tlie proteplast when the cells arefixed with Flemming's, Benda's and other fixatives, followed by the staining withliaematoxy]in (Fig. I). These threads are also stained with acetocarmine, moreor less deeply, but are not colored by the Feulgen nucleal staining.') Thediameter of the threads is abottt 300mpa or more in the fixed material. Noehrematephore is visible in the cells, and chlorophyll and other pigments clispersediffusely in the peripheral part of the protoplast.     Observation by an electron rnicroscope. T}ip chrornenemata or the chromo-somes stated above are easily distin.cruished from other organellae in the protop}astl) Accordin.cr to the result of the biochemical study carried out by ShiBke and Ishida, however,   t})e protop}ast eontains a faiTly large amount of I)NA. I02 Namio Smts'KE and Katsumi UEDAby their size ancl shape. Fig. 2 represents a part' of the protop].ast in whichmany elengated prefiles of the cliromonemata are shown. These chromonemataare about 200 mlth or more in cliameter and are feuncl throughout the protoplast.That is,-the chromonemata do not eenstruct a defiBite nuc}eus in this p}anLEach cl)roinonema js cemposed ef t'hree eiements; tliey are, a tlAn jim!tingmembrane, a chromonema matrix which appears struetureless or komogeneous,SM(l ll]ligsYe fiflanee tthhrreeaaddSg urun, in most eases, just about r}erpendicular to the longeraxis of the chromonemata and parallel to ene anotl]er at more e.r !ess regu]a.rintervals (Fig. 2). Sueh arrangernent as stated above, could be inteypretecl asrepresenting the oblique or }ongitudinal $ections of a bundle ef fir}e threads whichmake up a short-Pitcked helix, Fig. 3 represents a 'pertion of Fig. 2 at highermagnificcation. In this microbcrram, two ef the fine threacls api ear to run c]oseiyanC{ they inter}tgce each other, composing a helix as lndieatecl by an arrow. Thediameter of each fine thread is estimated to be about IO-20m/t•.    The chromonema markecl c' in Fig. 2, hewever, has a }arge cliameter andcentains numerous fine threads which cle not show regalar orientatSon. Thismay be regarded as a chromonema, existing before the longitudina! splitling.Fig. 4, represents tke detai}s of the irregular arrangemei}t of the fine thareads at ahigher magnification than Fig. 2.    A small area ef the peripheral part of the protop}ast is shewn in Fig• 5•In this microgram, there are many ]amel]ae (l) which are founcl in the peripheralpart of the protoplast and run parallel to each other. Th.e Jamel}ar structureis also recognized in the periphera} partof the proteplast in O. Zi,rnosa (Z in Fig• 6).Censidering the fact that tke peripheral part of tke protop}ast ]s net stalned wit'hneutral red, these iamellae are not rebcrarclecl as the endoplasmic reticu]um• k i•snot improbable to assume that the lamellae are ergaiteilae egltivalent to tl}esefound in the chloroplast of 'Vau,cheria shewn in Fig. 7, beeause assimilationproclucts (a) aye feund in the iamte}lae ii} Osci,LZa•tori(e ancl Yrait•eheri•a•. , Severai bcrranules (.cr), the diameter of which is IOO-200mfk are visible bothin the peripheral and central parts of the protoplast (1?ig. 2). It was not determinedin this study whesher these granules are mitechendria ox assimllation procluets,but tkey are electron dense aml appear as re]ative}y homogeneous granules inwliich no internal detail can been seen.     No erganellae which had ``cri.stae mitochondriaZes" were .recognized in thepresent Qbservation.    Many dividing cells vsrere observed in this.plant, but both the cliameter andtl)e length of the chromonemata or chromosornes appearecl not to be different tothose in the restlng cel!s. "     It must be noted that the cell walls of this p]ant have numereas smal}perforations with a diameter of 60-iOOmli. I?ig. 8 represents a longituclinalsection of a trichome, in wl'iich several peurforations (p) are seen in the cel}            A Cytomorphologica} and Cytochemical Study of'Cyanophyta l 103wall. In the surface view, these perforations appear to form themselves moreer ]ess regularly (Fig. 9).    Our tentative conclusion obtainedi from the present stuey is as follows:    iB the eel]s of Oscillatoria princeps, the chromonemata or the chromosomesare dispersed throughout the protoplast ancl do net censtitute a definite nucleus.The lamellae which constitute a chrematephoxe in green algae, de net constructthe chromatopheres in this plant. In respect to the ce}Iular organization,therefere, the cells oÅí OsctLLatorfa princeps is assumed to be more primitive tkanthose of other organisms.    The pesent authors wish to expess tlteir cordial thanks to Professer N. Higashiof l<yoto University and Professor M. Shigenaga ef Nara Women's University whokindly.. permitted us the use of their electren microscopes.                              Li'terature CitedBmts'G}fAN, G. (1950) ?lanta 38()Ei'rLER, L. (}932) Cyanophyceae (Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora)I{}t"RBsT, F. (1953) Bev. Dt. Rot. Gfs. 66         (l954) Ibid. 67PobJANsi<y, G. and O. Pm'RvscmesvsKy (1929) AT'eh. Pr{)tistenkd. 67104 rNiTamio ST{mxE and Katsumi b'EoA                              Explanation of Plate I      AI} figures except Fig. 1 which is a microphotograpli taken by an optical rr}ierescope,are electron micrograms.     Fig. L Oscillatoria princeps. A transversa! section of a trichonie fixedi with FIeinming'ssolution and slained with IIeidenhain's haematoxylin. Many thin threads rtm sinuously through-out the protoplast. Å~ l,500.     Figi 2. 0. prtnceps. Sections of three cells. The profile marked c represents a part ofa ehromonema er a chrornosome. Lamellae (l) are defermed in tl]is figure• Å~ 20,000•     Fig. 3. 0. princeps. A part of Fi.tr. 2 at higher magnification.• Profiles of two cluromo-riernata which have many fine threads are shown. [I'wo thin Ihieads inter]ace each othez' asindicatecl l)y an arrosv. Å~ 4i5,eOO.                             Explanation of Plate il     Fi.ct.. 4. 0. princeps. A profile oÅí a thick ch'romonema in which fine threads run some-what irregularly. The genera]. appearanee of this profile.closely resembles that of the nucleiof higher organisms. Å~45,eOO. . •     Fig. 5. 0. princeps. A part of tke peripheral aregion of a ce]{ in ohliciue seetion. Severa}perforati6ns are visible in the ce}} wall (2v ). Many lamellae (l) run paral}el to the surfaceof the tricliome. Å~ 20,000.     Fig. 6. 0. Zi•rnosa. A part of an eblic.;ue seetion ef a triehorne. Many lame}lae (1) xvithasisimilation products (a) are seen. Chromonemata are deformed in thismicrogram• Å~ 20,0oo•     Fig. 7. Vaucheria sp. A chroma'topliore with ]ameliazt structuxei Assimilatien proclucts(tt) ave seen in the lamellae. Å~ 20,000.     Fig. 8. O. princeps. A part Qf a Iongituclinal seetion of a triehome. Several perferations(p) are visi])}e in the cell wall. Å~ 2e,eOO.     Fig. 9• O. princeps. A suvface view of a piece of a cell wall sliowing many pe.rforftions.Å~ 20,000.Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, Vol. XXIII, No. 1, Art. 13. Pl. I1t3- ..!sc4et-• ' 1 . -;r :. '`1: .lti"lgiMem. Coll. Sci4,, Univ. Kyote, Ser. B, Vol. XXIII, ]NTo. 1, Art. 13. Pl. IIYp 71';" 'I-tt""S "' g.. r rts•..g

A Cytomorphological and Cytochemical Study of Cyanophyta (I) : An Electron Microscope Study of Oscillatoria princeps

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A Cytomorphological and Cytochemical Study of Cyanophyta (I) : An Electron Microscope Study of Oscillatoria princeps

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