Universal one-way light speed from a universal light speed over closed paths

Abstract

This paper gives two complete and elementary proofs that if the speed of light over closed paths has a universal value $c$, then it is possible to synchronize clocks in such a way that the one-way speed of light is c. The first proof is an elementary version of a recent proof. The second provides high precision experimental evidence that it is possible to synchronize clocks in such a way that the one-way speed of light has a universal value. We also discuss an old incomplete proof by Weyl which is important from an historical perspective.Comment: RevTex4, 6 pages, 2 figures, uses psfrag. New sections added, discussion expande