http://www.resilience-engineering.org/proceedingsRE3_4.htmInternational audienceDuring a co-design project, we modeled formal and informal cooperation which are expressions of tight and loose couplings. Our findings confirm that loose couplings are crucial since they enable selforganization and emerging processes which often underlie success of codesign. We offer new insight into management and organization theories by presenting an inter-organizational resilience model which explains how non-deterministic couplings can enhance inter-organizational resilience
