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Matlock, Ralph S.

Wooldridge, Frank M.

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Mimeographed Circular M-2 77 March, 1956 PEANUT VARIETY TESTS, 1955 By RalphS. Matlock and Frank M. Woolridge Department of Agronomy EXPERIMENT STATION Peanut Variety Tests, 1955 By Ralph Matlock and Frank Wooldridge>:< Department of Agronomy This circular reports the results of seven cooperative variety tests conducted in 1955. It should be emphasized that this is an annual progress report and that one year 1 S data should not form the basis for selecting the best variety. Varieties included in these cooperative trials had been screened in preliminary tests carried on at the main stations at Perkins and Stratford. The average performance of varieties over a period of years is reported in Mimeograph Circular M-275. Experimental Methods and Conditions The soils testing laboratory at Oklahoma A. & M. College tested soil samples obtained at four locations. Results are shown in Table 2. Uniform soils were select-ed for the test areas. The rows of the test plots were arranged to match those of the cooperators. Each test contained four replications. All experimental variety tests were planted with a V-belt hand planter at the rate of 3 to 5 viable seed per foot. In the irrigated test at Lookeba, water was applied by sprinkler irrigation at the discretion of the coopera-tor. Cooperators cultivated the plots in the same manner as they did their own pea-nut. The plots located at Atwood, Bokchita, and Lookeba were dug and the plants counted as they were turned by hand. After curing, the plants were threshed using a Lilliston peanut picker modified for plot work. After hay and nut weights were recorded, approximately one-half pound samples were placed in moisture cans for further study. The remaining nuts were composited and left with the growers, All yields were adjusted to clean, air -dried, unshelled peanuts per plot. The peanuts in the plots at Achille, Heavener, and Stidham were dug, allowed to wilt, then bundled and transported to Stillwater, where they were allowed to dry and subsequently were threshed. After threshing, the nuts were cleaned and weighed. The total weight of the nuts 'was subtracted from the total weight to obtain the yield of hay. Acre yields were calculated by dividing the plot yield by the fraction of an acre occup-ied by each plot. The stands at each location were good to excellent, with the exception of Achille where poor stands resulted for each variety except Spantex and Spanish 18-38. At locations other than Achille the stands for Argentine and Spanish 18-38 were slightly less, hence the yields for Argentine and Spanish 18-38 are probably conservative. >!<The authors and the Experiment Station wish to acknowledge the aid given by county agents, growers, vocational agriculture instructors, and others who assisted in conducting these tests (Table 1). Acknowledgment is also due W. N. Stokes, foreman at tne Peanut Research Station at Stratford,. for assistance in planting and harvesting the tests at Achille, Atwood, Bokchita, and Lookeba. 2 TABLE 1--Summary of Cooperators and Details of Peanut Tests, 1955 Cooperator J. H. Cox, grower John Stogner, Co. Ag. Bill Worthy, grower L. R. Prentice, Voc. Ag. C. H. Black, grower Jesse Barbre, Co. Ag. Jim Steed, Assoc. Co. Ag. Carrol Smith, grower L. Tripp, Ass 1t Co. Ag. Vernon Emmerson, Voc. Ag. Minert Bohannon, Foreman Soil Improvement Station County and Nearest Town Bryan Achille Bryan Bokchito Hughes Atwood Caddo Lookeba Mcintosh Stidham LeFlore Heavener Rows per Plot 2 2 2 2 2 Size of Plot>:< Row Length (feet) 19 19 50 50 19 19 Row Width (inches} 36 36 40 38 40 42 Date Planted 5-4-55 5-31-55 5-·17 -55 5-17-55 *At harvest one foot or more was trimmed from th.e end of each row to eliminate end border effect. TABLE 2--Results of Soil Tests on Samples from Test Plots at Achille, Lookeba, a.11.d Stidham Location Acidity Nitrogen Available Available (pH) (percent) Phosphorus Potassium (pounds/ acre) (pounds I acre) Achille 6. 9 (neutral) 0.043 25 (medium) 168 (medium) Lookeba (irrigated) 5. 7 (mod. acid) 0.060 25 (medium) 520 (high) Lookeba (non-irrig.) 6.l (sl. acid) 0.035 17 (low) 248 (high) Stidham 7. 1 {neutral) 0.060 43 (medium) 80 (low) 3 Cercospora leaf spot disease was observed at each location but was most serious at Achille, Atwood, Bokchita, and Lookeba locations. All varieties at each location appeared to possess about the same degree of infection. The varieties at each location appeared to show no difference in insect damage to the foliage. However, damage was most severe in the tests at Achille, Atwood, and Bokchita. Good insect control was obtained at Lookeba by spraying. The Bokchita test was purposely planted about three weeks earlier than normal. The varieties in the test matured early, but because of heavy rainfall in late Septem-ber the harvest was delayed and the yields of each variety were low as a result of sprout damage and of pods remaining in the soil. An excessive amount of rainfall at Lookeba immediately before harvest caused considerable soil to cling to the pods in the irrigated test, which was on an area that had been deep plowed the previous year. A detailed study of the nut samples from each plot indicated that each variety had approximately the same smount of soil clinging to the pods. Yield of Nuts The average yields of unshelled clean nuts per acre for each variety grown are shown in Table 3. Argentine yields averaged three percent higher than the average of two check varieties, Local Spanish and Stratford Spanish, even though the number of plants per foot was slightly lower for Argentine. During the growing season the Argentine plants tended to fill the spaces when competitive adjcent plants are not present. Dixie Spanish yields averaged one percent higher than the average of the checks. The yields for Spantex and Spanish 18-38 were 6 and 10 percent lower than the average of the check varieties. The average yield of the eight varieties in the irrigated test at Lookeba was 42 percent higher than the yield of the same eight varieties in the non-irrigated test at that location. Yield of Hay The average yields of hay in tons per acre for each variety are summarized in Table 4. At six locations Argentine produced five percent more hay than the average of Local Spanish and Stratford Spanish. The average hay yields for Spantex, Dixie Spanish and Spanish 18-38 were slightly less the average of the checks. At Lookeba, the hay yields for the irrigated test were 59 percent higher than in the non-irrigated test. 4. TABLE 3--Average Yield of Unshelled, Clean, Air-dried Nuts; Cooperative Peanut Variety Trials, 1955 (Pounds per Acre) Achille Atwood Bokchita Heavner Lookeba Stidham Average!.f Percen-2/ Irrig. Non-Irr. six locatio s Argentine 1634 2776 1559 1447 3543 2647 809 2130 103 Spantex 2625 1575 1270 3515 2194 514 1948 94 Dixie Spanish 3/ 2714 1898 1418 3850 1925 805 2102 101 Spanish 18-38 1066 2458 1358 1182 3722 1924 551 1870 90 Local Spanish 1180 2789 1672 1449 3796 2014 798 2086 Stratford Span. 2645 1699 1262 3958 2229 611 2067 Av. Local & Strat. Sp,. 2717 1686 1356 3877 2121 704 2076 100 Spanish 13-10 1259 Spanish 205 1214 2722 3125 1954 Imp. Span .. 2-B 1452 Texas 26 1392 2598 3918 2091 1/ The yields at Achille were not included in the average because of erratic stand 2/ Seed of Local Spanish and Stratford Spanish were obtained from growers and are considered to be equivalent to seed planted by the better growers. The average yields for Local and Stratford Spanish were used as check varieties in the variety tests. 3/ A sister strain, Spanish 146-1-1-48-4, was used instead of Dixie Spanish at Bokchita, Heavener, and Stidham because of inadequate seed supplies. 5. Kernel Characteristics The averages for six varieties with respect to size groups, uniformity, prop-ortion of No. l kernels, shelling percentage, and number of seed per pound are summarized for the locations at Atwood, Bokchita, and Lookeba (non-irrigated) in Table 5. Argentine and Dixie Spanish had 74. 3 and 76.4 percent of their kernels riding the 18/64 -and 20/64-inch slotted screens. Spantex, Spanish 18-38 and the two check varieties had between 67. 3 and 69.8 percent of their kernels riding on the 16/64-and 18/ 64-inch slotted screens. A high proportion of kernels with a 4/ 64-inch spread indicates good uniformity. Argentine and Dixie Spanish had slightly more No, 1 kernels than Spantex, Spanish 18-38, or the check varieties. The average shelling percentage of samples obtained from three locations was 5 percent less for Argentine than for Spanish 18-38 and the average of the check varieties. Dixie Spanish with 73.6 percent had the highest shelling percentage in these tests, Results of more extensive testing show the shelling percentage of Argen-tine compares more closely to that of Spantex than was the case in these tests. The average number of seed per pound indicates the relative size of kernels, which is an important consideration when determining the rate of planting. 6. TABLE 4. ---Average Hay Yields; Cooperative Peanut Variety Trials, 1955. (Tons per acre) Lookeba 1/ Achille Atwood Bokchita Heavner Irrig. Non-Irr. Stic!ham . _ 6,/\v_g~r"~e Locations Argentine ·4. 0 2.7 1.3 1.8 3.2 1.2 1.2 2.2 Spantex 2.2 2.6 1.2 2.1 3.0 1.2 1.2 1.9 Dixie Spanish 146 2.5 1.7 1.8 3.1 1.2 1.3 1.9 Spanish 18-38 1.8 2.6 1.7 2.1 2.8 1.2 1.4 1.8 Local Spanish 3.4 2.8 1.5 2.0 3.5 1.5 1.1 2.3 Stratford Spanish 2.7 1.5 2.1 3.2 1.5 1.3 2.0 Av. Local & Strat. Span. 2,8 1.5 2.1 3.4 1.5 1.2 2.1 Spanish 13-10 1.8 Spanish 205 1.9 2.4 3.2 1.2 Imp. Span. 2-B 1.9 Texas 26 2.6 3.0 3. 4 1.7 1/ Hay yields at Achille were not included in the average because of erratic stcnd. 7. TABLE 5. --- Kernel Characteristics of Varieties (Swnmarized from Appendix Table 1}. Kernel Size Groups 20/64 18/64 16/64 14/64 Smaller Pet. Pet. of Shelling No. of seed in. in. in. in. than within no.l Pet. per lb. 14/64 4/64 kernels Argentine •53. 3 21.0 16. 0 6.7 1.8 74.3 98.2 68.7 1106 Spantex 21. 5 31. 7 35.7 8.3 2.8 67.3 97.2 71.1 1299 Dixie Spanish 50.7 25.7 17.2 4.6 2.1 76.4 97.9 73.6 1092 Spanish 18-38 17;4 28.6 39.3 11.8 3.1 67.9 96.9 72.1 1412 Local Spanish 12. 9 29.0 42.7 11.8 3.3 71. 7 96.7 72.0 1402 Stratford Spanish 14.0 27.9 40.5 15.8 3.0 68.4 97.0 71.9 1375 Av. Local & Strat. Span. 69.8 96.9 72.0 1/ See footnote to Appendix Table 1. 8. APP:.~£.iD!X TABLE l. -- A Summary of Kernel Characterictic3 Determine<i froxn Samples Obtained from J2-:ach. plot at Atwood, Bokchita, and Lco:keba (non-. . t ') 19r-:c:: 1rr1ga eu ; ::>_,. LOCATION and KernE-l Size GTougs Smaller Pet. Pet. of Shell. No. VARIETY 2()/64 18/64 I6.h4 14/64 than within No. 1 Percen seed in. in. in. in. 14/64- 4/64- keTnels tage per lb. ATWOOD Argentine 42.3 13.1 21. 5 21.8 l.O 55.4 99.0 62.0 1148 Spantex 17 .I 34.9 37.3 8.1 2.5 72.2 97.5 73.9 1315 Dixie Spanish 56.4 22.1 15. 3 4.5 2.1 78.5 97.9 75.0 1077 Spanish 18-38 16.8 27.8 41.1 ll. 3 3.1 68.9 96.9 74.0 1387 Local Spanish 11. 6 30.1 43.6 11. 5 3.0 73.7 97.0 76.1 1379 Stratford Spanish 13.4 27.1 43.3 12. 5 3.8 70.4 96.2 73.8 1358 BOKCHITA Argentine 50.6 25.5 18.4 4.2 1.2 76.1 98.8 72.6 1114 Spantex 24.7 24.1 35.9 11. 3 3.8 60.0 96.2 67.6 134;2 Dixie Spanish 39.5 29.1 23.4 5.8 2.4 68.6 97.6 73.0 1126 Spanish 18-38 11. 9 25.8 42.3 16.1 4.2 68.1 95.8 71.1 1580 Local Spanish 11.1 24.9 44.0 15.9 4.2 68.9 95.8 71.3 1512 Stratford Spanish 10.2 23.1 44.0 17.3 3.7 67.1 96.3 71.4 1482 9. APPENDIX TABLE 1. (continued) LOCAX10N and Kernel Size Gra.1_p Smaller Pet. Pet. of Shell, No. VARIETY 20/64 18/64 16/64 14/64 than within No. 1 Perc en seed in. in. in. in. 14/64 4/64 kernels tage per lb. LOOKEBA (Non-irrigated) Argentine 67.2 20.7 8.1 2.7 1.4 87.9 98.6 7i. 5 1055 Spantex 22.7 36.1 33 . .8 5.4 2.1 69.9 97.9 71.9 1239 Dixie Spanish 56.2 25.9 12.9 3.4 1.8 82.1 98.2 72.7 1075 Spanish 18-38 23.4 32.1 34.5 7.9 2.1 66.6 97.9 71.3 1267 Local Spanish 16.7 32.0 40.6 8.0 2.8 72.6 97.2 68.8 . 1315 Stratford Spanish 18.4 33.6 39.2 7.6 1.4 72.8 98.4 70.5 1281 1/ The kernel size groups represent the average proportion of kernels in four samples for each variety that remained on slotted screens with openings 20/64, 18/64, 16/64, and 14/64-inch in width by 3/4- inch long. 

Peanut Variety Tests, 1955

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Peanut Variety Tests, 1955

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