Introduction - 1
A Short Course in Solar Energy - 2
Daylighting - 3
Electricity - 3
Active Heating - 3
Passive Heating - 3
Solar Energy in Alaska - 3
Availability of Solar Radiation - 6
Alaskan Solar Radiation Data - 8
Solar Technologies - 15
Flat-Plate Solar Collectors - 16
Evacuated-Tube Collectors - 17
Concentrating Collectors - 17
Comparing Active Systems - 18
Costs - 18
Matching Collector to Applications - 18
Passive Solar Space Heating - 18
Heat Gain Through Glazing - 18
Heat Loss Through Glazing - 18
Thermal Storage - 19
Photovoltaic or Photoelectric Cells - 19
Energy Storage - 23
Water and Water Tanks - 23
Rocks and Rock Bins - 23
Phase-Change Materials and Containers - 24
Advantages and Disadvantages - 24
Seasonal Storage - 24
Storage of Photovoltaic Electricity - 25
Active Solar Water Heating - 27
Computer Simulation - 28
Sizing the Active System by Computer - 29
Sizing the Active System by Hand - 41
Determining Collector Performance Per Square Foot - 42
Sizing the Collector - 45
Conclusions - 45
Geometry of Solar Collection in Alaska - 45
Shading and Topography - 47
Snow Cover Effects - 47
Sun Path Diagrams - 48
Active Solar Space Heating - 61
Overview - 62
Sources of Further Information - 67
Passive Solar Space Heating - 69
Computer Simulation - 70
Night Insulation (Shutters) - 70
Analysis of Parameters - 71
The Problem of Thermal Shutters - 74
Effects of Climate - 75
Performance of "Classic" Passive Designs in Alaska - 75
Computer Simulation of Design Options - 75
Information from the Passive Solar Design Manual - 89
Simplified Sizing Procedures for the Design Development Phase - 89
Detailed Estimates for the Construction Documents Phase - 89
Economic Analysis- 89
Direct Gain Passive Solar Design - 90
Absorptance - 90
Wind Speed and Spacing of Glazing - 91
Effect of Overhangs - 92
Effect of Ground Reflections - 93
Estimating the Building Load Coefficient - 93
Quick and Dirty Heating Load Estimate - 94
Calculating the Building Load Coefficient - 94
Example: Building Load Coefficient - 97
Infiltration - 98
Analysis of Passive Solar Gain - 99
Monthly Solar Savings - 99
Annual Solar Savings Fraction - 105
Example: Design Calculations for a Passive Solar Building - 105
Economic Analysis of Passive Solar Applications - 106
Introduction - 106
Life Cycle Cost Equation - 107
Cost Evaluation - 110
Categorization of Costs - 110
Passive Cost Estimation - 110
Envelope Cost Estimation - 111
Conventional Cost Estimation - 111
Final Passive Add-On Cost Estimates - 111
Cost Optimization - 111
Example: Passive Solar Cost Estimation - 115
Literature Cited - 119
Appendices - 121
Appendix A: Analysis Methods for Solar Heating and Cooling Applications - 123
Appendix B: SOLMET Radiation Data - 127
Appendix C: A Glossary of Terms - 133
Appendix D: Insulation Values for Various Types of Construction - 139
Appendix E: Passive Solar Design Correction Factors - 141
Appendix F: Possible Solar Radiation at Various Locations and Latitudes - 151
Appendix G: Worksheets for Passive Solar Design Problems - 157
Index - 16
