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Universal tranexamic acid therapy to minimize transfusion for major joint arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis of protocol implementation
Authors
James E. Baker
Earl R. Bogoch
+18 more
John Freedman
Gregory M.T. Hare
Alexander Ho
Alanna Howell
Mark Kataoka
Nick Lo
Katherine Luke
C. David Mazer
Anna Nassis
Katerina Pavenski
Razak A. Pirani
Antoine Pronovost
Robisa Pulendrarajah
Emil H. Schemitsch
Rosa Maria Tanzini
Albert K.Y. Tsui
James P. Waddell
Alexander White
Publication date
1 November 2015
Publisher
Scholarship@Western
Abstract
© 2015, Canadian Anesthesiologists\u27 Society. Purpose: Tranexamic acid (TXA) therapy can reduce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion; however, this therapy remains underutilized in many surgical patient populations. We assessed whether implementation of a protocol to facilitate universal administration of TXA in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty would reduce the incidence of RBC transfusion without increasing adverse clinical outcomes. Methods: We implemented a quality of care policy to provide universal administration of intravenous TXA at a dose of 20 mg·kg−1iv to all eligible patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty from October 21, 2013 to April 30, 2014. We compared data from an equal number of patients before and after protocol implementation (n = 422 per group). The primary outcome was RBC transfusion with secondary outcomes including postoperative hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and length of hospital stay. Adverse events were identified from the electronic medical records. Data were analyzed by a Chi square test and adjusted logistic and linear regression analysis. Results: Implementation of the protocol resulted in an increase in TXA utilization from 45.8% to 95.3% [change 49.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 44.1 to 54.5; P \u3c 0.001]. This change was associated with a reduction in the rate of RBC transfusion from 8.8% to 5.2%, (change −3.6%; 95% CI, −0.1 to −7.0; P = 0.043). Pre- and post-protocol mean [standard deviation (SD)] Hb values were similar, including the nadir Hb prior to RBC transfusion [72 (8) g·L−1vs 70 (8) g·L−1, respectively; mean difference −1 g·L−1; 95% CI, −3 to 5; P = 0.569]. Length of stay was not altered, and no increase in adverse events was observed. Conclusions: Implementation of a perioperative TXA protocol was associated with both an increase in TXA use and a reduction in RBC transfusion following hip or knee arthroplasty. Adverse events and length of hospital stay were not influenced by the protocol
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Last time updated on 23/11/2020