Background: Buriganga is considered as one of the most important river in the country. But, its water
quality has changed dramatically, which is responsible for creating unfavorable conditions for aquatic
life. The main aim of this study was to investigate the removal capacity of pollutants mainly nitrogen
present in the Buriganga river as the most polluted rivers in Bangladesh, by floating constructed wetland.
Methods: This study was conducted under constant and variable shock loadings in two phases, namely
‘Phase I’ and ‘Phase II’ during 11 and 10 weeks, respectively, in which about 180 L of raw water was
dosed into the tank containing a floating mat, and pollutant concentrations in the river water influent
from the system were tested over a period of 21 weeks.
Results: Floating treatment wetland (FTW) could sustain and remove about 31.25% and 19.23% of
ammonia in the 9th and 10th weeks of Phase I, respectively, and 40.63% and 56.12% in the 17th and
18th weeks of Phase II, respectively. At first, ammonia was converted to ammonium, then, to nitrite, and
finally, to nitrate. As the rhizosphere was denser and the biofilm was thicker in this study, so nitrogen
removal efficiency during the application of shock loading in the 17th and 18th weeks of Phase II was
considerable. The removal percentage of nitrite was 76.12 and 80%, respectively. In regular dosing of
raw water in the 11th and 19th weeks in Phase I and Phase II, respectively, the total nitrate removal
efficiencies from influent were 31.91 and 43.33%, respectively.
Conclusion: As water resources are limited, so improvement of water quality of the polluted Buriganga
river would act as an important source of reusable water.
Keywords: Nitrogen, Nitrites, Nitrates, Ammonium compounds, Water quality, Wetlands, Banglades