Pemberton, Indre J.

Rouquette, F. M., Jr.

Smith, Gerald R.

Starr, J. L.

English

Texas A&amp;M Repository

    PUBLICATIONS 2006 NEW SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES FOR TEXASGerald R. Smith, F. M. Rouquette, Jr., J. Starr, and I. J. PembertonBackground. Research is in progress with several different summer forage legumes forTexas livestock and wildlife production systems. A tropical forage legume that would grow andpersist as a companion species in warm-season perennial grass (WSPG) pastures would open newpossibilities in Texas and southeastern US forage-livestock production systems. Current cultivarsof forage cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and lablab (Lablab purpureus) can be established inWSPG pastures but will not live as perennials or reseed under Texas conditions. Creeping vigna(Vigna parkeri) is a small vining legume with prostrate stems that root at the nodes. Creepingvigna is currently used in subtropical pastures in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.Under tropical conditions, this legume is a perennial, but exact cold tolerance and winter survivalin Texas is unknown. Creeping vigna also produces hard seed that can build a soil seed reserveand allow regeneration from seed. Genetic variation for root-knot nematode resistance andagronomic traits are generally unknown for this new forage crop.There is potential to develop new cultivars of creeping vigna that will grow as acompanion forage legume in Texas WSPG pastures and persist as either perennials or reseedingannuals. Evaluation of the available germplasm is needed as an initial step in this process.Research Findings. Twenty plant introduction lines of creeping vigna were obtainedfrom the Australian Tropical Crops and Forages Collection, Queensland, Australia and threeadditional lines obtained from the International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. A greenhouse experiment was designed to evaluate the reaction of this germplasm toroot-knot nematode. Twenty-five plants of each creeping vigna line were started in thegreenhouse on May 17,2005 using washed sand as the growth media. The seed were inoculatedwith cowpea inoculum and the pots were fe11ilized with a low nitrogen nutrient solution and theplants grown for 40 days prior to nematode inoculation. Twenty plants from each line wereinoculated with 10,000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita (Starr isolate 98-1) on June 10, 2005 andfive non-inoculated plants were reserved as controls. Growth of creeping vigna in this experimentwas variable and generally slow with many plants showing nitrogen deficiency symptoms. Thisexperiment was terminated early on August 10 due to premature death of many plants. The rootsystems were washed free of sand and examined for nodulation and nematode galling. The resultsare shown in Table 1. No lines of creeping vigna were identified with root-knot nematoderesistance and nodulation varied by line from no nodules to normal.59Application. More research is needed to ensure normal nodulation of this set of creeping vignagerrnplasm and to re-evaluate root-knot nematode reaction.Table I. Nodulation and nematode reaction for twenty-three lines of creeping vigna.Seed Line Nodulation Root-knot nematodeSource Number reactionAustralia 1 EF susceptibleAustralia 2 INEF inconclusiveAustralia 3 NO inconclusiveAustralia 4 NO inconclusiveAustralia 5 NO inconclusiveAustralia 6 EF susceptible / variableAustralia 7 INEF inconclusiveAustralia 8 NO inconclusiveAustralia 9 EF susceptibleAustralia 10 NO inconclusiveAustralia 1I INEF inconclusiveAustralia 12 INEF inconclusiveAustralia 13 NO inconclusiveAustralia 14 NO inconclusiveAustralia 15 NO inconclusiveAustralia 16 NO inconclusiveAustralia 17 EF inconclusiveAustralia 18 INEF susceptible / variableAustralia 19 NO inconclusiveAustralia 20 NO inconclusiveAfrica 1 NO inconclusiveAfrica 2 NO inconclusiveAfrica 3 NO inconclusiveEF = normal, effective nodulatIOnINEF = ineffective nodulation, no nitrogen fixationNO = no nodulation60

New Summer Forage Legumes for Texas

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New Summer Forage Legumes for Texas

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New Summer Forage Legumes for Texas

Abstract

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Texas A&amp;M Repository

Texas A&M Repository