Saideman, Stephen M.

English

Scholarship@Western

Stephen M. SaidemanMcGill University12Why Irredentism? Acts of Self DestructionWhy Not Irredentism? End of Empire  Violence Unexpected RestraintHow Does Nationalism Matter?3 Effort to Unify One Territory With Another Inhabited by Same Ethnic Group Mother Country Style vs. Kurdish Style Focus on Foreign Policy: When Does the Mother State Act? How? Why? Relevance:  Significant Cause of War Regional Instability4International Constraints• Conventional Wisdom• ProblemsXenophobia’s Silver Lining•Nationalism Unpacked• Identity: Us, Them, ToleranceGreater Romania?•Most Likely Irredentists• Constrained by IntoleranceImplications• Borders• Content of Nationalism•Unpleasant• Tradeoffs5 Boundary NormsHelsinki Accords Ratified Borders Most Violence Was Across Intra-State Boundaries, Not Inter-State Lure of Membership  Extensive Conditionality EE Countries Seemed to Want In Desperately6Borders Does Not Account for Russian Restraint End of Cold War Undid Helsinki Irredentists Elsewhere Unrestrained By BoundariesMembership Credibility Problems: Cyprus?! Timing: Peace Before, Violence After7 What Does It Take to Gain Power?  Nationalist Stances? Traditional Distinction: Civic vs. Ethnic Nationalism  Need to Take Seriously the Content of Identities, Nationalisms  Posner, Chandra, Abdelal et al, etc8Quebec: Separatists vs. XenophobesHungarian ExampleA:  HH >  HO >  RB:  │HH│ > │R│ >  │HO│HH  = Hungarians of HungaryHO  = Hungarians Outside of HungaryR = Romanians9Successful IrredentismLarge Wave of ImmigrationAttitude Towards OtherIdentification with KinTolerant/HeterogeneityIntolerant/HomogeneityWeak Lack of interest Hostile disinterestStrong IrredentismOnly Irredentism if “Clean” or willing to cleanseXenophobia May Block Irredentism Most Violent Transition Most Dubious Democracy Least Legitimate Border Early Talk Nationalism is quite strong “We will be everything we once were, and even more than that.” Greater Romania Party motto No Border Agreement w/ Moldova11So much for Conditionality?! Nationalist Politics turns not on Union but on Domestic Targets Even Greater Romania Party Weak Affinity with Moldovans Russian/Russophones in Moldova So, Romanians care about kin, but not so much Efforts Aimed At Maintaining Identity of Romanian-speakers in Moldova Irony—Romania’s policies parallel Hungary’s12Tudor, leader of extreme nationalist party, “proving” his new philo-semitismRomanian Views of Minorities1384440313131272317131313911108107121718174715192130% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%RomaHungariansMoldovansJewsHomosexualsShould not live hereCan Live in RomaniaCan Live NearbyCan Work WithCan Be Friends WithCan Have in the Family Impact of IOs, Norms Over-stated Borders Matter Due to:  ID Audiences Take Seriously Content of Nationalism Hierarchies of Identities Intermixing of Populations May Deter International Conflict Hate/Xenophobia May Have Positive Side IR is Chock Full of Tradeoffs13

Xenophobia’s Silver Lining: Explaining Peace in the Aftermath of Communism

https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&amp;context=mer

Xenophobia’s Silver Lining: Explaining Peace in the Aftermath of Communism

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