Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M.

Metzgar, Jordan S.

Stamey, Mackenzie

English

ScholarWorks@UA

Autopolyploid origin of the octoploid Turkish parsley fern (Cryptogramma bithynica Jessen, Lehmann, and Bujnoch) Mackenzie Stamey, Jordan S. Metzgar, and Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond Museum of the North, University of Alaska Fairbanks  MATERIALS AND METHODS INTRODUCTION RESULTS/ DISCUSSION LITERATURE CITED: Jessen, S., Lehmann, L., Bujnoch, W., 2012.  Cryptogramma bithynica sp. nov. (Pteridaceae, Pteridophyta)—a new fern species from northwestern Anatolia/Turkey.  Fern Gaz. 19:47–54.               Metzgar, J.S., Alverson, E.R., Chen, S., Vaganov, A.V., Ickert-Bond, S.M. 2013. Diversification and reticulation in the circumboreal fern genus Cryptogramma.  Mol. Phyl. Evol. 67:589-599.  The parsley ferns (Cryptogramma) are small ferns in the family Pteridaceae. Nine species are recognized worldwide (Fig. 1). These ferns are characterized by dimorphic leaves and false indusia. They grow almost exclusively on rocky surfaces. The diploid chromosome counts (2n) known within the genus were 60 and 120 until recently. The newly discovered Turkish parsley fern Cryptogramma bithynica is an octoploid with a 2n = 240 chromosome count (Jessen, Lehmann and Bujnoch 2012). This is an exciting new addition to our current knowledge of the genus Cryptogramma. We analyzed plastid and nuclear markers to determine this species progenitors and if it resulted from autopolyploidy or allopolyploidy.    Samples: 39 accessions representing 8 species   Matrix:    Six maternally inherited plastid loci = 6827bp   rbcL, rbcL-accD, atpB-rbcL, rps4, trnP-petG, trnGR     One biparentally inherited nuclear locus = 500 bp   gapCp   Phylogenetic Analysis:  Maximum Parsimony with 1000 replicates; 500 BS reps   with 10 searches each (PAUP*)   Maximum likelihood with 100 reps, GTR (GaRLi); 1000 BS  reps, GTRGAMMA (RaxML v.7.2.1)    Bayesian inference ran for 10m generations, 25% burn-in  (MrBayes v.3.1.2) • Ickert-Bond lab members: Margaret Oliver, Stephany Jeffers, Monte Garroutte • Tissue samples and background: Stefan Jessen, Lutz Lehmann, and Walter Bujnoch • Tissue samples: Anders Larsson, Santiago Pajarón, Emilia Pangua, Stina Weststrand • Funding sources: URSA Project Award  • Samples from herbarium specimens removed from: ALA, LE, B Our analysis of maternally inherited plastid data confirmed that Cryptogramma crispa is the maternal parent of C. bithynica (Fig. 4). The biparentally inherited nuclear gapCp recovered all C. bithynica alleles in a single clade (Fig. 5), meaning that it was formed as an autopolyploid. Thus, C. bithynica is an autopolyploid with C. crispa being the sole parent. Our plastid analysis also revealed a genetic division within C. crispa. The Caucasus Mountains populations of C. crispa and C. bithynica form a separate clade from other C. crispa samples (Fig. 3). This indicates that the Caucasus Mountains were a barrier during the Last Glacial Maximum, isolating these populations from the rest of C. crispa and creating genetic divergence.  Fig. 2A. Cryptogramma bithynica in northwestern Turkey. (Photo by Stefan Jessen.) Fig. 2B. Diagram of C. crispa morphology. Fig. 2C. Cryptogramma crispa in S Norway. (Photo by Stina Weststrand.)  C. bithynica is smaller in overall plant and habitat size than C. crispa, and has pointed rather than rounded tips on leaf segments. Crytogramma bithynica also has larger spores. Fig. 1. Distribution of Cryptogramma sect. Cryptogramma species. Fig. 3. Sampling localities for C. crispa (yellow dots) and C. bithynica (brown dot). Dashed circles correspond to genetic subgroups identified by plastid sequence data analysis. Caucuses Mountains indicated (       ). Fig. 4. Relationships within Cryptogramma sect. Cryptogramma based on six maternally inherited plastid loci. Phylogeny shown is from analysis using Bayesian inference (BI). Thickened branches indicate significantly supported relationships (PP > .95; MPBS > 70; MLBS > 70). Presence of C. bithynica sample in larger C. crispa clade indicates that its maternal parent is C. crispa. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Fig. 5. Unrooted phylogeny based on BI analysis of gapCp sequence data. The single clade of C. bithynica alleles implies autopolyploid origin.  Thickened branches are significantly supported. Letters correspond to individual alleles recovered from each sample. V V V VVV From Scandinavian Ferns by Øllgaard and Tind, 1993. http://calan.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/thome/band1/tafel_003.jpgib B C A 

Autopolyploid origin of the octoploid Turkish parsley fern (Cryptogramma bithynica Jessen, Lehmann, and Bujnoch)

https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/bitstream/11122/3481/1/Stamey%20Mackenzie%20R%20Day%202014.pdf

Autopolyploid origin of the octoploid Turkish parsley fern (Cryptogramma bithynica Jessen, Lehmann, and Bujnoch)

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

ScholarWorks@UA