Throughout the world, tribal societies have held in sacred esteem certain locales within the physical environment. These have been utilized for the purposes of shamanism, ritual, magic, and mythologizing

Faulstich, Paul

Scholarship@Claremont

Claremont CollegesScholarship @ ClaremontPitzer Faculty Publications and Research Pitzer Faculty Scholarship9-22-1989Shaman--Ritual--Place: Sacred Sites and SpiritualTransformationPaul FaulstichPitzer CollegeThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Pitzer Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusionin Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contactscholarship@cuc.claremont.edu.Recommended CitationFaulstich, Paul. Shaman--Ritual--Place: Sacred Sites and Spiritual Transformation. Earth First! Journal, 9(8): 26, 1989.SHAMAN- RITUAL- PLACE Sacred Sites and Spiritual Transformation by Paul f•ubtl<h Tb-"""t the world, U\1Niaoc1ctl<s tuw held Ln s.acred ntftm "rtllln localn w1thln the physk:ll t:nYlronmmt. TMte pJ.cos bo,. botn utllladlo< the pul'pOO<s ol slwl>anlsm. rltu>~ mop: and mytboJo. s1z1n1. Tbdl or1Jins.,. In mythoJosy. and they p10.tclt a dlr«t link with the tplrlt -ld. 1boJt ..atd pJ.cos a,. always de-nwcated by "'.rum ol the t:nvbonnwnt. wMtt»er natum or hurN.n-~ lb<..atdb tbltwbkb allows a pmon tO exptrkoct' tht numm. ll11llowllor 1 tn:ns.formadon from t:wryday rullty to 1 truiSCmdtnt .Wity wbl<h 101M pooplt In· dlVkluaUy and collectively with for«s grutu than tbrnuehu. Sac:rtd 11tual sltti Ulut.tra~ tAll COncrt'tt )'t1 COftctpNII man• ner tbt way In whkh Lnctlscnous peoplt1 dill<"""' pooplos, .,. rtch In be>uty, pow"' and IICt'fd hlstory. Anthropolos.ist Robeft kmdt bos rd•md 10 the "JOOo.jloy<hl< aura• that poMICin such pllcos. Across w1dt ceocraphlc and cultunl boundartn. wt haw ~nee that ptepk's mattonsblp w1tb the .. nd b noc stmply socbl and «<nomk. but rt:ltgklus u weU. SKrtd sltiH aubUshed linf:s of comroo:nfa_. - With the spirit world. ThJOU&b this mlm of cvhu11l txpm,s1oa. people con· n«ood tberrudws With the mytbok>p:.;al times and cldl.Md thd.r pt.a« 1n tM sacred tehtmt. In AOOrtgtn.al Australb ~ p!Kn ofttn t.ymbolize etMrt:al brings. and in some ate~ are beUt~ to be the Uttral uandormatlons of spiritual creatures. TbJOU&h .... ,. mythological p-., olhrr· TJtt:w Abrorfli*ll bo)os (10fft tlw Wt.ttfptri utlltrrtmto{YW1tdJ.I~mot startdOCCJ9tM '"'CiaJIIJ Jlok•-a Jlulowarw MJillto 111M br«Pt IN lwMw o( • pnL Itt t1tt /)rtalfflilftt tlwpml would tmori.u tlw (l«<fl<<I(Y-• by u.o..;,_ lwJ• bouldm ..,'"""· O..d<Jy, wlul<tll<zloot _, """""· tlo< ,_,. o(tltt tnbt fiJW tlw ltok ttttJr bnult llltd lrl it CHI fi"· tltf4 tillu¢ tlw MtllfStn. Pbcts suclt dS tltt# 11n tllnc ri,._ OMIMlrMI flt(7W1tCtJ, IUWitlttJI boys f#(vW ID mtn tlw CQ'W br«GGut of tlw ..._.,llwpm< aJOUDd tbt wor\d. Vk'W thf'nueMI w1thln the contrxt of natur\" and super-nature and bow, thtou&.h ritual. they tran.tform the ut~rna1 e:nvtronmtnt from a mundane spi(O 10 • - pile<. Through the recopttion or s.acred space:s. the physkal pgnphy Is ttanl· fotmt'd and tntqrattd lnto tymbotk cos-molos'es lln.ktn.g peop~ to the fotcft ofthttr rdlglousconvlctlons. S.Crtd site~ to the In· wbe 1bstnct and \n\1\s.i.blt ~n a.~ p-m endurtna. ~s:lble form. Tbae sites l!tf' ca-pabkolatf«tJn.g.ti~and Of'dtr In thb workS tod>y. Th~ Abortgtnn expftSs the connection ~'«n th-e land •nd su~maNra.l bdngs throuah thttr an. ln EmUy Cap nur Allot Sprtn.&Jir"e lot'Ytflll.art:e and andf'ntdeslgns painted on rock. Though ma.ny people would ('On.sldtr lhll art abstract. it IJ not. The Abortllnllls hold thHt paintings. and the rocb they ~ on. to bt mteamOrphot.ed body parts of Anctural Bdnp. 1be:5e ~lntlnp ~ Cle.ilted wh~n tottmk: C:ru· tu.tes of the m)'tholoctcal U.mt ~ owr the bnd leJv. 1ng thdr lnDutn« tn s.ac:ml p1acts. 1'bf' COI.lfttry wu traru-rormtcS. while tbt mythiC beings took lh• lonn ol the plinl<d cbJ&ns. One J.ac:rtd palntln& mu-ks tM pba w~ $t'Yttal Ancestn~l Womf'.n painted th.,_._ and stood P<fdftl uptoace:remonbiCiwon the opposite wt~ll ol tht ppwhttt tne<n were involved tn • Jhu•L lb.f! palndn& <kpkts a woman Jooldng up at the caw as she Jeans aptnst tbe rock. Until recently. totemic rituals of the Wltchetty Grub Tottm were regularly txt· cuted at F.mlly Cap. lbe J(){k paintings. or pictographs, served a central ro~ In these ceremonies. and they stlllln-voke reverence rrom Aborigi-nes when they vl.slt the site. The paintings at EmJiy Gap arc visual reprtsent.11tlons of Sben.'d evtnts of tribal hluory. This lOCk palnrlns, al Emily Gap In tiN tmtml Australian tksut, sho'Mis f'llidtntl D( a mythologll'al twnt In whiC'h 1J lfOup of arttatral womtn wtrl olntM1tg a tottmlc ritunl wlttn thty wt't"t lrans(ormM Into tht puintNI dtSfgrt. 'l'hl untml btnt line ttpt&nU OlffD{tiM ~mtn a1 sht wm at the tlmt, IMning with Mr tlbt>w OSilinst tiN roct. The: tribe, clan. or totemde~l-ops a special relaUonshJp with. a sprclflc Landscape and the mythologkal cvtnu th•t took place there. In Aboriginal Au.str-..lb. It ts often through art and the conctpt or anew!stra.l ttantformatiOn th.11t the syrnboUc potency of the land1Cape l.s sanal/kod and rn>do oc:c=lb .. "' lh• _ ... Sb.amank ex~.Wncn such u t~l'IC't stites an common at sacrtd placts. Thlf': COl'l!Ctpt of ph.ysJal and spltttual contK1 w11h mylholockal bring>, and tbt ploc<s a .. sodaWd with tMm. b a antral t.Mmt of shamaniSm. Through the ~Uon of ~ place. poopk conu.ct th~ Iotas of tbtil ultima~ ruUty. ODtWiytMnodonof ronuct bexpt"eSJed throughout thf'workl Is by tbo ..,til ol tbt bond stmcll or bond print. The Putbk) lndLans of the A.mrrtan Southwest kft hind prtnts at sacft!d p~ where they had pnyed so that the suprr· nan .. ual splrtts cou.kl kltotlfy the cbti'Nnt In Aborigina.l Australia hand prints K:M!d '"'nous functiOns ln contacUna supem~tu· ral forces and lbt mythok)gk~J Drelmtlmr. The Dreamtlmt b the sac:rtd pan whm the univt'nf' was ch.an8fdlnto Its p~nt (OJm. Thus. among the Abori&SnCi, shaman· 11m. art, riNA1s and mythJ Incorporate an-ctmal rran.sformauon.s Into contemporary Uft. During rltual.s,. spiritual nrength nn be tran.unintd from the splrltualanct1ton of a s.acTfd site ro the people tnvolvtd. The saatd place tr.llntm.l1.s the powtr that lk's beyond; pow~r both vtut and d;an~rous. COn.tequtntly, sacred 11tes m~nlren chow quallt16. The auoclulon bet'Wftn shatNnlsm 1nd art ha.s Aona beftt noted. ~ shamank .st;ate of conldOuJMU eNbln a penon ~ perlonn acts or supei'Nitunl conwquma. An tndl'\ildual tn s;uch a trance may achic'w 1 su~ or communK>n with cultural detdfs. •ndhf'orsMmaytnnl«nd 1Mlunltsofhl.s or bef ph)"'al body and lly 10 pUc<s bo-yond wbllt IM clonnlnt "sheD" olanooomy SUI)'$ behind.. Sh.amank actMty lpptan to~ re~ s.entfd In ti'INiart from wkte lt'OIDPhk D-aUons. r1n.stna from the Paltolithk c:aYH ln Wtfttm E.uropt, to Afr'tQ. Aunralla and the Amtrkas. In Ught of thb Pft'VIIk-nl theme In rock an.. the tarsr prehbtoric murals of 81~1 California, which show human llgures pterctd by •t'fOW'l. may not rq>~nt war setnH 1.1 has prtvlously beif':n specullted. but may, lnntad, IUunnte sha-manlc evt:nu. The arrows Jn t~ casts woukl be praytr arrows, or .. arrows or ttan-sct:nd(n«, .. and 'WOUld be mcuphorkal ror shamanlc uanceodcath and flight. The themts of death and rebirth, and fiJght, are uniWrSI11S(K.'CtS of shermnlc (').J)etlen«s. The btlld thlt shamans can met.amor· phose Into the form of a guardian animal· spirit 1Jw1dt$prtld,and It Is likely that some rock art that a.ppears to rcpre$Cnt animal formJ actually pertains to shamanlc actlvl· ties. The palnttd anltNils In the shtlters of t\aJa, then, may also take on 1 new slgnlfl-cance. The phys~l features or the s.acrut placts are lmpontlnt. S.Citd shes are often relatlwly lnKttssibk-. PI«' ltsc!lf becorT~~eS the mnemonic of tnnsformatlvt eYents and of Individual and ttl~l hlsto~s. Amons the Abor1glnes,. the physical loln<lscape, modltle<t by tymbolk catego~s through whk'h lJ h undent.ooel. sust.alnJ a l)iltk'Ular beller.system. The physical and C'Uitural landx.apts become mecaphorkal throuah a.n auocbdon •Uowln1an tm»gt: or ptau to ~·prtstnt other conctpts. Sacn:d pJ.cos a"' symbols that OP"' ... at both the lntcUtctU~l (rtAKtht~) and wruuouJ (non-rd'IKdve)leveb. lbeyan•wayof~lvl:nJ the pb)"'aVsplrltuol dkhotacny by con· CJ<tdydrftnlnc and .._,Ina tbe .,.,.. ph)"'al natu~ ol rbe ..atd Oftamtam.. TO!tmk and cbn ~ntenareontn a:SJO-clltrd With ..atd pla«s. Rl~H ol p>._ and t.n.Uildon ctrtmon~ whk:h tnnsform chlldrtn Into mature mtmbtnoftMpou:p, •~ con<tucttd at s:uch shes. Sham~~nJc ac-th1t.es. bYe I'N!glc, and sorcery are ptf· rorrn«111 t.Mw placft. A unifying thmw connKtt tM p4llut where thHe etmnonlft aretnacte'd; they are s.ICft'd grounds that a\d tn the tran,lonnattonsthat t1kt plac:e there. -:,~":v':;::'~:::~ht~t!~';,s:':,!::r; ": .. n::t:!:£:::!:::~~=::~::~~~~=f:.'::;';:= Paul FauiJtltlt Is t.tnanthwpolosiJt4nd bMGWor. Thdr ~Min {tlnttion Is"' m(()K• trib.lllaws tJJtd DWnH cwtmDttial oaMtits. IJoWQJI Eft activist. POi•z6 EArth Fi"'l ~ltmbt< 22, 1989 

Shaman--Ritual--Place: Sacred Sites and Spiritual Transformation

Keck Graduate Institute

Claremont Colleges
Scholarship @ Claremont
Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research Pitzer Faculty Scholarship
9-22-1989
Shaman--Ritual--Place: Sacred Sites and Spiritual
Transformation
Paul Faulstich
Pitzer College
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Pitzer Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion
in Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact
scholarship@cuc.claremont.edu.
Recommended Citation
Faulstich, Paul. Shaman--Ritual--Place: Sacred Sites and Spiritual Transformation. Earth First! Journal, 9(8): 26, 1989.
SHAMAN- RITUAL- PLACE 
Sacred Sites and Spiritual Transformation 
by Paul f•ubtl<h 
Tb-"""t the world, U\1Niaoc1ctl<s 
tuw held Ln s.acred ntftm "rtllln localn 
w1thln the physk:ll t:nYlronmmt. TMte 
pJ.cos bo,. botn utllladlo< the pul'pOO<s ol 
slwl>anlsm. rltu>~ mop: and mytboJo. 
s1z1n1. Tbdl or1Jins.,. In mythoJosy. and 
they p10.tclt a dlr«t link with the tplrlt 
-ld. 1boJt ..atd pJ.cos a,. always de-
nwcated by "'.rum ol the t:nvbonnwnt. 
wMtt»er natum or hurN.n-~ 
lb<..atdb tbltwbkb allows a pmon 
tO exptrkoct' tht numm. ll11llowllor 1 
tn:ns.formadon from t:wryday rullty to 1 
truiSCmdtnt .Wity wbl<h 101M pooplt In· 
dlVkluaUy and collectively with for«s 
grutu than tbrnuehu. Sac:rtd 11tual sltti 
Ulut.tra~ tAll COncrt'tt )'t1 COftctpNII man• 
ner tbt way In whkh Lnctlscnous peoplt1 
dill<"""' pooplos, .,. rtch In be>uty, pow"' 
and IICt'fd hlstory. Anthropolos.ist Robeft 
kmdt bos rd•md 10 the "JOOo.jloy<hl< 
aura• that poMICin such pllcos. 
Across w1dt ceocraphlc and cultunl 
boundartn. wt haw ~nee that ptepk's 
mattonsblp w1tb the .. nd b noc stmply 
socbl and «<nomk. but rt:ltgklus u weU. 
SKrtd sltiH aubUshed linf:s of comroo:nfa_. 
- With the spirit world. ThJOU&b this 
mlm of cvhu11l txpm,s1oa. people con· 
n«ood tberrudws With the mytbok>p:.;al 
times and cldl.Md thd.r pt.a« 1n tM sacred 
tehtmt. 
In AOOrtgtn.al Australb ~ p!Kn 
ofttn t.ymbolize etMrt:al brings. and in 
some ate~ are beUt~ to be the Uttral 
uandormatlons of spiritual creatures. 
TbJOU&h .... ,. mythological p-., olhrr· 
TJtt:w Abrorfli*ll bo)os (10fft tlw Wt.ttfptri utlltrrtmto{YW1tdJ.I~mot startdOCCJ9tM '"'CiaJIIJ Jlok•-
a Jlulowarw MJillto 111M br«Pt IN lwMw o( • pnL Itt t1tt /)rtalfflilftt tlwpml would tmori.u tlw 
(l«<fl<<I(Y-• by u.o..;,_ lwJ• bouldm ..,'"""· O..d<Jy, wlul<tll<zloot _, """""· tlo< 
,_,. o(tltt tnbt fiJW tlw ltok ttttJr bnult llltd lrl it CHI fi"· tltf4 tillu¢ tlw MtllfStn. Pbcts suclt 
dS tltt# 11n tllnc ri,._ OMIMlrMI flt(7W1tCtJ, IUWitlttJI boys f#(vW ID mtn tlw CQ'W br«GGut of tlw 
..._.,llwpm< 
aJOUDd tbt wor\d. Vk'W thf'nueMI w1thln 
the contrxt of natur\" and super-nature and 
bow, thtou&.h ritual. they tran.tform the 
ut~rna1 e:nvtronmtnt from a mundane 
spi(O 10 • - pile<. 
Through the recopttion or s.acred 
space:s. the physkal pgnphy Is ttanl· 
fotmt'd and tntqrattd lnto tymbotk cos-
molos'es lln.ktn.g peop~ to the fotcft ofthttr 
rdlglousconvlctlons. S.Crtd site~ to the In· 
wbe 1bstnct and \n\1\s.i.blt ~n a.~ p-m 
endurtna. ~s:lble form. Tbae sites l!tf' ca-
pabkolatf«tJn.g.ti~and Of'dtr In thb workS 
tod>y. 
Th~ Abortgtnn expftSs the connection 
~'«n th-e land •nd su~maNra.l bdngs 
throuah thttr an. ln EmUy Cap nur Allot 
Sprtn.&Jir"e lot'Ytflll.art:e and andf'ntdeslgns 
painted on rock. Though ma.ny people 
would ('On.sldtr lhll art abstract. it IJ not. 
The Abortllnllls hold thHt 
paintings. and the rocb they 
~ on. to bt mteamOrphot.ed 
body parts of Anctural 
Bdnp. 1be:5e ~lntlnp ~ 
Cle.ilted wh~n tottmk: C:ru· 
tu.tes of the m)'tholoctcal U.mt 
~ owr the bnd leJv. 
1ng thdr lnDutn« tn s.ac:ml 
p1acts. 1'bf' COI.lfttry wu traru-
rormtcS. while tbt mythiC 
beings took lh• lonn ol the 
plinl<d cbJ&ns. 
One J.ac:rtd palntln& 
mu-ks tM pba w~ $t'Yttal 
Ancestn~l Womf'.n painted th.,_._ and stood P<fdftl 
uptoace:remonbiCiwon the 
opposite wt~ll ol tht ppwhttt 
tne<n were involved tn • Jhu•L 
lb.f! palndn& <kpkts a woman 
Jooldng up at the caw as she 
Jeans aptnst tbe rock. 
Until recently. totemic 
rituals of the Wltchetty Grub 
Tottm were regularly txt· 
cuted at F.mlly Cap. lbe J(){k 
paintings. or pictographs, 
served a central ro~ In these 
ceremonies. and they stlllln-
voke reverence rrom Aborigi-
nes when they vl.slt the site. 
The paintings at EmJiy Gap arc 
visual reprtsent.11tlons of 
Sben.'d evtnts of tribal hluory. 
This lOCk palnrlns, al Emily Gap In tiN tmtml Australian tksut, 
sho'Mis f'llidtntl D( a mythologll'al twnt In whiC'h 1J lfOup of 
arttatral womtn wtrl olntM1tg a tottmlc ritunl wlttn thty wt't"t 
lrans(ormM Into tht puintNI dtSfgrt. 'l'hl untml btnt line 
ttpt&nU OlffD{tiM ~mtn a1 sht wm at the tlmt, IMning with 
Mr tlbt>w OSilinst tiN roct. 
The: tribe, clan. or totemde~l-
ops a special relaUonshJp with. a sprclflc 
Landscape and the mythologkal cvtnu th•t 
took place there. In Aboriginal Au.str-..lb. It 
ts often through art and the conctpt or 
anew!stra.l ttantformatiOn th.11t the syrnboUc 
potency of the land1Cape l.s sanal/kod and 
rn>do oc:c=lb .. "' lh• _ ... 
Sb.amank ex~.Wncn such u t~l'IC't 
stites an common at sacrtd placts. Thlf': 
COl'l!Ctpt of ph.ysJal and spltttual contK1 
w11h mylholockal bring>, and tbt ploc<s a .. 
sodaWd with tMm. b a antral t.Mmt of 
shamaniSm. Through the ~Uon of 
~ place. poopk conu.ct th~ Iotas of 
tbtil ultima~ ruUty. ODtWiytMnodonof 
ronuct bexpt"eSJed throughout thf'workl Is 
by tbo ..,til ol tbt bond stmcll or bond 
print. 
The Putbk) lndLans of the A.mrrtan 
Southwest kft hind prtnts at sacft!d p~ 
where they had pnyed so that the suprr· 
nan .. ual splrtts cou.kl kltotlfy the cbti'Nnt 
In Aborigina.l Australia hand prints K:M!d 
'"'nous functiOns ln contacUna supem~tu· 
ral forces and lbt mythok)gk~J Drelmtlmr. 
The Dreamtlmt b the sac:rtd pan whm the 
univt'nf' was ch.an8fdlnto Its p~nt (OJm. 
Thus. among the Abori&SnCi, shaman· 
11m. art, riNA1s and mythJ Incorporate an-
ctmal rran.sformauon.s Into contemporary 
Uft. During rltual.s,. spiritual nrength nn be 
tran.unintd from the splrltualanct1ton of a 
s.acTfd site ro the people tnvolvtd. The 
saatd place tr.llntm.l1.s the powtr that lk's 
beyond; pow~r both vtut and d;an~rous. 
COn.tequtntly, sacred 11tes m~nlren chow 
quallt16. 
The auoclulon bet'Wftn shatNnlsm 
1nd art ha.s Aona beftt noted. ~ shamank 
.st;ate of conldOuJMU eNbln a penon ~ 
perlonn acts or supei'Nitunl conwquma. 
An tndl'\ildual tn s;uch a trance may achic'w 
1 su~ or communK>n with cultural detdfs. 
•ndhf'orsMmaytnnl«nd 1Mlunltsofhl.s 
or bef ph)"'al body and lly 10 pUc<s bo-
yond wbllt IM clonnlnt "sheD" olanooomy 
SUI)'$ behind.. 
Sh.amank actMty lpptan to~ re~ 
s.entfd In ti'INiart from wkte lt'OIDPhk D-
aUons. r1n.stna from the Paltolithk c:aYH 
ln Wtfttm E.uropt, to Afr'tQ. Aunralla and 
the Amtrkas. In Ught of thb Pft'VIIk-nl 
theme In rock an.. the tarsr prehbtoric 
murals of 81~1 California, which show 
human llgures pterctd by •t'fOW'l. may not 
rq>~nt war setnH 1.1 has prtvlously beif':n 
specullted. but may, lnntad, IUunnte sha-
manlc evt:nu. The arrows Jn t~ casts 
woukl be praytr arrows, or .. arrows or ttan-
sct:nd(n«, .. and 'WOUld be mcuphorkal ror 
shamanlc uanceodcath and flight. The 
themts of death and rebirth, and fiJght, are 
uniWrSI11S(K.'CtS of shermnlc (').J)etlen«s. 
The btlld thlt shamans can met.amor· 
phose Into the form of a guardian animal· 
spirit 1Jw1dt$prtld,and It Is likely that some 
rock art that a.ppears to rcpre$Cnt animal 
formJ actually pertains to shamanlc actlvl· 
ties. The palnttd anltNils In the shtlters of 
t\aJa, then, may also take on 1 new slgnlfl-
cance. 
The phys~l features or the s.acrut 
placts are lmpontlnt. S.Citd shes are often 
relatlwly lnKttssibk-. PI«' ltsc!lf becorT~~eS 
the mnemonic of tnnsformatlvt eYents and 
of Individual and ttl~l hlsto~s. 
Amons the Abor1glnes,. the physical 
loln<lscape, modltle<t by tymbolk catego~s 
through whk'h lJ h undent.ooel. sust.alnJ a 
l)iltk'Ular beller.system. The physical and 
C'Uitural landx.apts become mecaphorkal 
throuah a.n auocbdon •Uowln1an tm»gt: or 
ptau to ~·prtstnt other conctpts. Sacn:d 
pJ.cos a"' symbols that OP"' ... at both the 
lntcUtctU~l (rtAKtht~) and wruuouJ (non-
rd'IKdve)leveb. lbeyan•wayof~lvl:nJ 
the pb)"'aVsplrltuol dkhotacny by con· 
CJ<tdydrftnlnc and .._,Ina tbe .,.,.. 
ph)"'al natu~ ol rbe ..atd Oftamtam.. 
TO!tmk and cbn ~ntenareontn a:SJO-
clltrd With ..atd pla«s. Rl~H ol p>._ 
and t.n.Uildon ctrtmon~ whk:h tnnsform 
chlldrtn Into mature mtmbtnoftMpou:p, 
•~ con<tucttd at s:uch shes. Sham~~nJc ac-
th1t.es. bYe I'N!glc, and sorcery are ptf· 
rorrn«111 t.Mw placft. A unifying thmw 
connKtt tM p4llut where thHe etmnonlft 
aretnacte'd; they are s.ICft'd grounds that a\d 
tn the tran,lonnattonsthat t1kt plac:e there. 
-:,~":v':;::'~:::~ht~t!~';,s:':,!::r; ": .. n::t:!:£:::!:::~~=::~::~~~~=f:.'::;';:= Paul FauiJtltlt Is t.tnanthwpolosiJt4nd 
bMGWor. Thdr ~Min {tlnttion Is"' m(()K• trib.lllaws tJJtd DWnH cwtmDttial oaMtits. IJoWQJI Eft activist. 
POi•z6 EArth Fi"'l ~ltmbt< 22, 1989 


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Shaman--Ritual--Place: Sacred Sites and Spiritual Transformation

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