Presentation given at the XXVIII Annual Charleston Conference: Issues in Book and Serials Acquisitions, November 5 - 8, 2008. After the conference, Price and McDonald have verified their results using the xISBN work ID, which allows grouping of the various unique ISBNs that refer to the same intellectual work (e.g.cloth vs paperback). Wrangling these nearly 15 million lines of data took quite a while, and did not result in a substantive change to their results: only about 30% of the print books purchased during 2006-2007 by any of the 5 libraries they studied were available from the e-book aggregator marketplace

McDonald, John D

Price, Jason S

English

Scholarship@Claremont

Jason Price is the Head of  Collections & Acquisitions and John McDonald is the Director of  Bibliographic & Information Management and Faculty Relations at the Claremont University Consortium, a non-profit service company serving the five elite liberal arts colleges and two graduate schools of  the Claremont Colleges.    1This project was a follow up to this request…2Overall, our strategy was to set aside usability and discipline-related ebook issues, which have been covered in other presentations over the years, and instead to analyze the collections available to assess how they matched our own collecting patterns in print.3But we wouldn’t feel right about focusing on availability without at leastmentioning the bigger picture.4•With ebooks, Digital Rights/Usability issues are at least as important as collection breadth and depth•The only aggregator our library currently uses is NetLibrary, which has made ebooks unpopular with a number of our students because of simultaneous use and page-at-a-time only issues•The massive continuum of use rights represented here should be a MAJOR factor in each libraries ebook aggregator decisions5•Jason will present data addressing collection profiles of each of the 4 major aggregators•John will address print book purchasing profiles from 5 libraries and availability of their print purchases as electronic books6•Aggregator Collection data was updated Oct. 2008•‘Unique identifiers’ for books more numerous than for journals, isbn’s much harder to work with•Deletion justified because focused on titles that that would match print collections7•Requested data from all 4 major aggregators•Included Ebrary Subscribable collection (i.e. Academic complete) as a separate collection, but NB: the Ebrary collection includes all books available for purchase from Ebrary (including some that are included in academic complete)•Data received from NetLibrary didn’t include call number8•Ebrary has a deeper collection in terms of age with four times as many 80’s-90’s books as any other aggregator•Very few from 1970s or before•MyIlibrary has twice as many books as any other aggregator with ‘pub year’ 2006 (turns out 23,615 were from ICON Group and were republished books or economic reports) – These books were removed from the rest of the analysis since their dates were not available and likely put them out of the range of current collection growth•(Click) Next slide focuses on the ’00’s’9•(Blue) Net Library consistently has more books per year, even in the most recent decade•(Orange) Ebrary Subscribed collection lacks books from 2007 & 2008•(overall) Pattern of number of books available per year extremely consistent across aggregators•(overall) Are there signs that the market place hit a growth peak in 2005?10•There are about 225,000 unique ebooks currently available from this set of aggregators•This data can be understood from the book’s perspective: if I’m a particular ebook, what are my chances of being available from one or more aggregators?•In the overall marketplace, more than half of ebooks are unique to a single aggregator (56%), and only 1 in 25 is available from all 4•40% of the books are unique to NetLibrary, 7-10x as many as any other aggregatorN l k il bili f h lib i ’ i [ P i f• ow we can oo  at ava a ty rom t e rar es  perspect ve  roport on o  books available by aggregator ]*note: pie chart excludes Ebrary Subscription (3958 unique titles) and MyILibraryICON published titles, q.v.)11Read question: Ebook aggregator Marketplace = Available from at least one of the big fourGreen pies show about 1/5 of marketplace available from MyI, 1/3 from Ebrary & EBL, and ¾ from NetLLooking just at books published 2005 to 2007, EBL and MyI have about 3 in 10, Ebrary 4 in 10, and NetL 8 out of 10. 12We asked four other libraries to send us data extracted from the ILS for all purchases from 2006 to 2007.  We cleaned the data and standardized it to the greatest extent possible.13• (Pale Blue) St Mary’s College bought 6,091 books• (Blue) Claremont Colleges bought 17,218 books• (Red) Azusa Pacific bought 9,614 books• (Green) Denver University bought 42,423 books• (Purple) Loyola Marymount bought 32,968 books 14•This chart shows the percentage of books purchased by publication year.  Using this ratio allows us to normalize across the range of large & small schools in this dataset.•75 to 95% of purchases were books published 2004-2007•Libraries A & S purchased a much greater proportion of older books.  And while this isn’t a bad thing, it could impact how ebooks will relate to print collection patterns15•Using Call numbers to define LC classes, the greatest ratio of print books purchased were in the Humanities and Social Sciences, which is as expected from this group of liberal arts colleges.•The relative distribution of purchases across disciplines was very similar for all 5 libraries, with only Claremont’s Arts collecting being above normal for the set of schools. 16•<5% of books purchased by any given library were purchased by all five libraries•40 to 60% of books bought by any given library were not bought by any of the other four•This indicates, that although the schools are similar in size and demographic and academic mission, they still collect print books in relatively unique patterns. Obviously with a larger set of schools included, the uniqueness factor would diminish by some amount, but it is clear that schools are relatively individualistic in their collection development.17The most important part of the analysis is to compare the library print purchase patterns to the ebook vendor supplied lists.18*7 of 10 print books these libraries bought are not available from any ebook aggregator*These numbers have been confirmed since the presentation using OCLCs xISBN workIDtoensure that isbn differences in purchased book format (e.g. hardback vs paperback) did not affect ebook availability values*Numbers presented during the conference were 3-5% higher, so the effect of format was im nor19Despite significant variation in the sets of print books libraries bought, there is little variation across libraries in the percentage available as ebooks from any one vendorIn every case the minimum to maximum match rate (within a column) varied by 2-8%, (Standard error less than .02), suggesting that match rates for each aggregator collection did not vary significantly across libraries(Click) So overall the average single aggregator march rate varied from 5 to 23%20Turning this analysis around, we compared the collective set of print book purchases from the 5 libraries and matched them to the vendor lists.Each bar indicates the ratio of books that matched one through all five of the libraries print lists.Th i t ti d t i t t t i th l d k bl b f N tLib f th “O ”e n eres ng a a po n  o no e s e ong ar  ue ar o  e rary or e ne  category – indicating that this vendor most often matched the unique material from each of the libraries, well above any of the other libraries.In the future, we could use this ratio to assign each vendor a “uniqueness factor” associated with their match to the local collection.21We offer an initial observation related to publisher and subject22•On the left are the 12 publishers with the most ebooks that did not match the aggregated print purchases,and on the right are the 12 publishers with the most print purchases that were not available as ebooks•Publishers on both lists appear in bold, showing that it is common for ebook aggregators to have SOME, but not all of the books from a particular publisher•Only 4 of 12 publishers appear on both lists bringing into question why some of their        ,       books are available as ebooks, but not others which conceivably have some demand in e-format from the libraries•7 of the publishers appearing on the print purchases not available as ebooks list are University Press publishers (initalics), indicating that this group may be behind in providing to their content as aggregator-available ebooks23•This table shows the top 12 LC classes purchased by Claremont•As expected about ¾ of the books were not available from any aggregator•There was some variation across these locally popular subject areas:•With more than average e-available in Economic history, and•Less than average e-available in the arts and romance literatures•Further subject analysis would certainly be of interest24•Overall, we found that aggregator title lists are still largely unique•Library print purchase patterns are still largely unique as well•Only 30% of print titles are available in the aggregated book marketplace•Some publisher-type differences may account for the non-match rates, as evidenced by our large % of non-matches in our university press purchases25“Quiet challenge” to NetLibrary to expand their use rights to make their extensive collections usableConclusions– No possibility of duplicating our current print monograph print profiles in the ebook world26Any questions, thoughts, or reasons to call us crazy? © Jason Priceand John McDonaldContact us: Jason.price@libraries.claremont.edu and John.mcdonald@libraries.claremont.edu27What about the Google Books Settlement announcement?2829

To Supersede or Supplement: Profiling Aggregator e-Book Collections vs. Our Print Collections

Keck Graduate Institute

Jason Price is the Head of  Collections & Acquisitions and John McDonald 
is the Director of  Bibliographic & Information Management and Faculty 
Relations at the Claremont University Consortium, a non-profit service 
company serving the five elite liberal arts colleges and two graduate 
schools of  the Claremont Colleges.    
1
This project was a follow up to this request…
2
Overall, our strategy was to set aside usability and discipline-related ebook issues, 
which have been covered in other presentations over the years, and instead to 
analyze the collections available to assess how they matched our own collecting 
patterns in print.
3
But we wouldn’t feel right about focusing on availability without at least
mentioning the bigger picture.
4
•With ebooks, Digital Rights/Usability issues are at least as important as collection 
breadth and depth
•The only aggregator our library currently uses is NetLibrary, which has made 
ebooks unpopular with a number of our students because of simultaneous use and 
page-at-a-time only issues
•The massive continuum of use rights represented here should be a MAJOR factor 
in each libraries ebook aggregator decisions
5
•Jason will present data addressing collection profiles of each of the 4 major 
aggregators
•John will address print book purchasing profiles from 5 libraries and availability of 
their print purchases as electronic books
6
•Aggregator Collection data was updated Oct. 2008
•‘Unique identifiers’ for books more numerous than for journals, isbn’s much harder 
to work with
•Deletion justified because focused on titles that that would match print collections
7
•Requested data from all 4 major aggregators
•Included Ebrary Subscribable collection (i.e. Academic complete) as a separate 
collection, but NB: the Ebrary collection includes all books available for purchase 
from Ebrary (including some that are included in academic complete)
•Data received from NetLibrary didn’t include call number
8
•Ebrary has a deeper collection in terms of age with four times as many 80’s-90’s 
books as any other aggregator
•Very few from 1970s or before
•MyIlibrary has twice as many books as any other aggregator with ‘pub year’ 2006 
(turns out 23,615 were from ICON Group and were republished books or economic 
reports) – These books were removed from the rest of the analysis since their 
dates were not available and likely put them out of the range of current collection 
growth
•(Click) Next slide focuses on the ’00’s’
9
•(Blue) Net Library consistently has more books per year, even in the most recent 
decade
•(Orange) Ebrary Subscribed collection lacks books from 2007 & 2008
•(overall) Pattern of number of books available per year extremely consistent across 
aggregators
•(overall) Are there signs that the market place hit a growth peak in 2005?
10
•There are about 225,000 unique ebooks currently available from this set of 
aggregators
•This data can be understood from the book’s perspective: if I’m a particular 
ebook, what are my chances of being available from one or more aggregators?
•In the overall marketplace, more than half of ebooks are unique to a single 
aggregator (56%), and only 1 in 25 is available from all 4
•40% of the books are unique to NetLibrary, 7-10x as many as any other aggregator
N l k il bili f h lib i ’ i [ P i f• ow we can oo  at ava a ty rom t e rar es  perspect ve  roport on o  
books available by aggregator ]
*note: pie chart excludes Ebrary Subscription (3958 unique titles) and MyILibrary
ICON published titles, q.v.)
11
Read question: 
Ebook aggregator Marketplace = Available from at least one of the big four
Green pies show about 1/5 of marketplace available from MyI, 1/3 from Ebrary & 
EBL, and ¾ from NetL
Looking just at books published 2005 to 2007, EBL and MyI have about 3 in 10, 
Ebrary 4 in 10, and NetL 8 out of 10. 
12
We asked four other libraries to send us data extracted from the ILS for all 
purchases from 2006 to 2007.  
We cleaned the data and standardized it to the greatest extent possible.
13
• (Pale Blue) St Mary’s College bought 6,091 books
• (Blue) Claremont Colleges bought 17,218 books
• (Red) Azusa Pacific bought 9,614 books
• (Green) Denver University bought 42,423 books
• (Purple) Loyola Marymount bought 32,968 books 
14
•This chart shows the percentage of books purchased by publication year.  Using this ratio 
allows us to normalize across the range of large & small schools in this dataset.
•75 to 95% of purchases were books published 2004-2007
•Libraries A & S purchased a much greater proportion of older books.  And while this isn’t a 
bad thing, it could impact how ebooks will relate to print collection patterns
15
•Using Call numbers to define LC classes, the greatest ratio of print books purchased were 
in the Humanities and Social Sciences, which is as expected from this group of liberal arts 
colleges.
•The relative distribution of purchases across disciplines was very similar for all 5 libraries, 
with only Claremont’s Arts collecting being above normal for the set of schools. 
16
•<5% of books purchased by any given library were purchased by all five libraries
•40 to 60% of books bought by any given library were not bought by any of the other four
•This indicates, that although the schools are similar in size and demographic and academic 
mission, they still collect print books in relatively unique patterns. Obviously with a larger 
set of schools included, the uniqueness factor would diminish by some amount, but it is 
clear that schools are relatively individualistic in their collection development.
17
The most important part of the analysis is to compare the library print purchase 
patterns to the ebook vendor supplied lists.
18
*7 of 10 print books these libraries bought are not available from any ebook aggregator
*These numbers have been confirmed since the presentation using OCLCs xISBN workID
to
ensure that isbn differences in purchased book format (e.g. hardback vs paperback) did not 
affect ebook availability values
*Numbers presented during the conference were 3-5% higher, so the effect of format was 
im nor
19
Despite significant variation in the sets of print books libraries bought, there is little 
variation across libraries in the percentage available as ebooks from any one vendor
In every case the minimum to maximum match rate (within a column) varied by 2-8%, 
(Standard error less than .02), suggesting that match rates for each aggregator collection did 
not vary significantly across libraries
(Click) So overall the average single aggregator march rate varied from 5 to 23%
20
Turning this analysis around, we compared the collective set of print book purchases from 
the 5 libraries and matched them to the vendor lists.
Each bar indicates the ratio of books that matched one through all five of the libraries print 
lists.
Th i t ti d t i t t t i th l d k bl b f N tLib f th “O ”e n eres ng a a po n  o no e s e ong ar  ue ar o  e rary or e ne  
category – indicating that this vendor most often matched the unique material from each of 
the libraries, well above any of the other libraries.
In the future, we could use this ratio to assign each vendor a “uniqueness factor” associated 
with their match to the local collection.
21
We offer an initial observation related to publisher and subject
22
•On the left are the 12 publishers with the most ebooks that did not match the aggregated 
print purchases,
and on the right are the 12 publishers with the most print purchases that were not available 
as ebooks
•Publishers on both lists appear in bold, showing that it is common for ebook aggregators to 
have SOME, but not all of the books from a particular publisher
•Only 4 of 12 publishers appear on both lists bringing into question why some of their        ,       
books are available as ebooks, but not others which conceivably have some demand in e-
format from the libraries
•7 of the publishers appearing on the print purchases not available as ebooks list are 
University Press publishers (initalics), indicating that this group may be behind in providing 
to their content as aggregator-available ebooks
23
•This table shows the top 12 LC classes purchased by Claremont
•As expected about ¾ of the books were not available from any aggregator
•There was some variation across these locally popular subject areas:
•With more than average e-available in Economic history, and
•Less than average e-available in the arts and romance literatures
•Further subject analysis would certainly be of interest
24
•Overall, we found that aggregator title lists are still largely unique
•Library print purchase patterns are still largely unique as well
•Only 30% of print titles are available in the aggregated book marketplace
•Some publisher-type differences may account for the non-match rates, as 
evidenced by our large % of non-matches in our university press purchases
25
“Quiet challenge” to NetLibrary to expand their use rights to make their extensive 
collections usable
Conclusions– No possibility of duplicating our current print monograph print 
profiles in the ebook world
26
Any questions, thoughts, or reasons to call us crazy? 
© Jason Priceand John McDonald
Contact us: Jason.price@libraries.claremont.edu and 
John.mcdonald@libraries.claremont.edu
27
What about the Google Books Settlement announcement?
28
29


https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&amp;context=library_staff

To Supersede or Supplement: Profiling Aggregator e-Book Collections vs. Our Print Collections

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Scholarship@Claremont

Keck Graduate Institute