Bunker, Robert J.

Keck Graduate Institute

Claremont Colleges
Scholarship @ Claremont
CGU Faculty Publications and Research CGU Faculty Scholarship
1-1-2013
Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal
Opportunities, and Strategic Competition
Conference
Robert J. Bunker
Claremont Graduate University
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion
in CGU Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact
scholarship@cuc.claremont.edu.
Recommended Citation
Bunker, Robert J. "Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal Opportunities and Strategic Competition Conference.” Strategic Studies
Insitute, US Army War College Newsletter. January 2013.
March 4, 2013 | Dr. Robert J. Bunker
Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors,
Criminal Opportunities, and
Strategic Competition Conference
The “Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal Opportunities, and Strategic
Competition” conference was held on November 1-2, 2012, in Pittsburgh, PA. The
conference was sponsored by the Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International
Security Studies, University of Pittsburgh, and the Strategic Studies Institute of
the U.S. Army War College, and co-sponsored by the National Cyber Forensic
Training Alliance (NCFTA) and Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP). Sixty
participants from academia, government, military, law enforcement, and private
industry attended the multidisciplinary and policy-relevant gathering. Major
themes identified in the agenda included:
      •    The spectrum of cyber threats that the United States increasingly must
confront;
      •    The ways in which cyberspace is exploited by criminal and terrorist
organizations; and,
      •    The evolution of cyberspace as an arena for strategic competition among the
great powers.
 
      The conference was composed of a welcome and introduction, three major
panels, and a concluding round table on policy recommendations and responses.
Acting conference chairs were Phil Williams, University of Pittsburgh; and John R.
Deni, U.S. Army War College. Leading scholars, practitioners, and researchers who
delivered presentations included Anna Aquilina, Serious Organised Crime Agency,
UK; Stephen Blank, U.S. Army War College; Dave Bobrow, University of
Pittsburgh; Nazli Choucri, MIT; William Claycomb, CERT, Carnegie Mellon
University; Aaron Hackworth, Dell; Michael Kenney, University of Pittsburgh;
Daniel Larkin, NCFTA; Martin Libicki, RAND; Michael McKeown, FBI; Isaac
Porche, RAND; Harvey Rishikof, Drexel University; Jon Ruttencutter, DHS;
Timothy Shimeall, CERT; Timothy Thomas, Foreign Military Studies Office; and
William Waddell, U.S. Army War College.
 
      Specific topics of interest included: the new realities of 21st century cyber
politics and implications for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the U.S.
interagency; internet futures; an internet of devices including three-dimensional
printers (replicators); the legal dimensions of cyberspace; Chinese system
sabotage; the use of botnets by Eastern European organized crime organizations;
coordinated Russian and organized crime cyber operations; the indications and
warnings that cybercrime has shifted to cyber conflict; cyber war by proxies and
activists; deterrence in cyberspace, cyber defense, and public-private initiatives to
mitigate and respond to cyber threats.
 
      Major policy recommendations discussed during the course of the conference
and summarized during the concluding round table included:
      •    Develop “rules of the road” for cyberspace, especially with countries such as
China, to increase transparency and aid in avoiding miscalculations.
      •    Promote cooperative security efforts—including DoD-implemented security
cooperation activities—in cyberspace between the United States and other
governments.
      •    Maintain and grow public-private initiatives such as the NCFTA, to better
integrate policies, procedures, and information sharing between and among
government agencies such as DoD, the FBI, and private industry and
academia.
      •    Promote university programs that seek to bridge the gaps between the
technical, policy, practitioner, and legal worlds when it comes to cyber
security—too often these worlds do not coordinate well with one another.
      •    Better define what we mean by the term cyberspace—for example, to clarify
its functionality as only transmitting data or as something more
encompassing in regards to dimensionality (e.g., virtual worlds).
      •    Reconsider the use of military models for characterizing and understanding
cyberspace issues, perhaps by exploring public health (epidemiological)
models for international coordination purposes.
      •    Develop standardized corporate “playbooks” concerning procedures and
processes for responding to cyberspace based intrusions and criminal
incidents.
      •    Review computer security lessons learned from private industry for their
potential application to governmental and military environments.
      •    Have the Government Accountability Office (GAO) conduct a study on what
is and is not working with stakeholder computer systems.
      •    Determine strategies to help the U.S. Congress better create informed
national cyberspace security legislation to protect the private sector
specifically, and U.S. national security more broadly.
 
      The full conference agenda can be accessed via the Matthew B. Ridgway Center
website at www.ridgway.pitt.edu. A Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army
War College Press, U.S. Army War College, edited volume composed of writings
from this conference will be published in the future. It can be obtained upon
publication at the Strategic Studies Institute website at
www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil.
 
*****
 
        The v iews expressed in this Of Interest piece are those of the author and do not necessarily
reflect the official policy  or position of the Department of the Army , the Department of Defense,
or the U.S. Govern-ment. This piece is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited.
 
*****
 
        Organizations interested in reprinting this or other SSI and USAWC Press pieces should
contact the Editor for Production v ia e-mail at SSI_Publishing@conus.army.mil. All
organizations granted this right must include the following statement: “Reprinted with
permission of the Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army  War College Press, U.S. Army  War
College.”
 


English

Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal Opportunities, and Strategic Competition Conference

Scholarship@Claremont

Claremont CollegesScholarship @ ClaremontCGU Faculty Publications and Research CGU Faculty Scholarship1-1-2013Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, CriminalOpportunities, and Strategic CompetitionConferenceRobert J. BunkerClaremont Graduate UniversityThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusionin CGU Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contactscholarship@cuc.claremont.edu.Recommended CitationBunker, Robert J. "Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal Opportunities and Strategic Competition Conference.” Strategic StudiesInsitute, US Army War College Newsletter. January 2013.March 4, 2013 | Dr. Robert J. BunkerCyberspace: Malevolent Actors,Criminal Opportunities, andStrategic Competition ConferenceThe “Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal Opportunities, and StrategicCompetition” conference was held on November 1-2, 2012, in Pittsburgh, PA. Theconference was sponsored by the Matthew B. Ridgway Center for InternationalSecurity Studies, University of Pittsburgh, and the Strategic Studies Institute ofthe U.S. Army War College, and co-sponsored by the National Cyber ForensicTraining Alliance (NCFTA) and Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP). Sixtyparticipants from academia, government, military, law enforcement, and privateindustry attended the multidisciplinary and policy-relevant gathering. Majorthemes identified in the agenda included:      •    The spectrum of cyber threats that the United States increasingly mustconfront;      •    The ways in which cyberspace is exploited by criminal and terroristorganizations; and,      •    The evolution of cyberspace as an arena for strategic competition among thegreat powers.       The conference was composed of a welcome and introduction, three majorpanels, and a concluding round table on policy recommendations and responses.Acting conference chairs were Phil Williams, University of Pittsburgh; and John R.Deni, U.S. Army War College. Leading scholars, practitioners, and researchers whodelivered presentations included Anna Aquilina, Serious Organised Crime Agency,UK; Stephen Blank, U.S. Army War College; Dave Bobrow, University ofPittsburgh; Nazli Choucri, MIT; William Claycomb, CERT, Carnegie MellonUniversity; Aaron Hackworth, Dell; Michael Kenney, University of Pittsburgh;Daniel Larkin, NCFTA; Martin Libicki, RAND; Michael McKeown, FBI; IsaacPorche, RAND; Harvey Rishikof, Drexel University; Jon Ruttencutter, DHS;Timothy Shimeall, CERT; Timothy Thomas, Foreign Military Studies Office; andWilliam Waddell, U.S. Army War College.       Specific topics of interest included: the new realities of 21st century cyberpolitics and implications for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the U.S.interagency; internet futures; an internet of devices including three-dimensionalprinters (replicators); the legal dimensions of cyberspace; Chinese systemsabotage; the use of botnets by Eastern European organized crime organizations;coordinated Russian and organized crime cyber operations; the indications andwarnings that cybercrime has shifted to cyber conflict; cyber war by proxies andactivists; deterrence in cyberspace, cyber defense, and public-private initiatives tomitigate and respond to cyber threats.       Major policy recommendations discussed during the course of the conferenceand summarized during the concluding round table included:      •    Develop “rules of the road” for cyberspace, especially with countries such asChina, to increase transparency and aid in avoiding miscalculations.      •    Promote cooperative security efforts—including DoD-implemented securitycooperation activities—in cyberspace between the United States and othergovernments.      •    Maintain and grow public-private initiatives such as the NCFTA, to betterintegrate policies, procedures, and information sharing between and amonggovernment agencies such as DoD, the FBI, and private industry andacademia.      •    Promote university programs that seek to bridge the gaps between thetechnical, policy, practitioner, and legal worlds when it comes to cybersecurity—too often these worlds do not coordinate well with one another.      •    Better define what we mean by the term cyberspace—for example, to clarifyits functionality as only transmitting data or as something moreencompassing in regards to dimensionality (e.g., virtual worlds).      •    Reconsider the use of military models for characterizing and understandingcyberspace issues, perhaps by exploring public health (epidemiological)models for international coordination purposes.      •    Develop standardized corporate “playbooks” concerning procedures andprocesses for responding to cyberspace based intrusions and criminalincidents.      •    Review computer security lessons learned from private industry for theirpotential application to governmental and military environments.      •    Have the Government Accountability Office (GAO) conduct a study on whatis and is not working with stakeholder computer systems.      •    Determine strategies to help the U.S. Congress better create informednational cyberspace security legislation to protect the private sectorspecifically, and U.S. national security more broadly.       The full conference agenda can be accessed via the Matthew B. Ridgway Centerwebsite at www.ridgway.pitt.edu. A Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. ArmyWar College Press, U.S. Army War College, edited volume composed of writingsfrom this conference will be published in the future. It can be obtained uponpublication at the Strategic Studies Institute website atwww.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil. *****         The v iews expressed in this Of Interest piece are those of the author and do not necessarilyreflect the official policy  or position of the Department of the Army , the Department of Defense,or the U.S. Govern-ment. This piece is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. *****         Organizations interested in reprinting this or other SSI and USAWC Press pieces shouldcontact the Editor for Production v ia e-mail at SSI_Publishing@conus.army.mil. Allorganizations granted this right must include the following statement: “Reprinted withpermission of the Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army  War College Press, U.S. Army  WarCollege.” 

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Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal Opportunities, and Strategic Competition Conference

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