ghofran eliyan saed zamil

غفران عليان سعد زامل

English

Al-Quds University Digital Repository

 م
The Paradigm of Justice and Development of Governance and the 
Possibility of Transferring the Experience to Egypt 
 
Prepared by: Ghofran eliyan saed Zami; 
 
Supervison: Dr. Awad Mansour 
 
Abstract 
 
The research examines the context within which the Justice and 
Development Party (AKP) emerged into leadership in Turkey by going 
back to 1923 right after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and Kamal Ataturk 
declared Turkey a republic. The research reviews the role of the military in 
the Turkish political system and how it interacted with, and was affected 
by, regional and international developments including Turkey’s standing 
regionally and internationally. The research also examines the development 
of the Islamic political parties in Turkey, the challenges they faced, 
including the series of military coups the republic faced leading up to the 
establishment of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and its coming 
to power in 2002. 
  
On the other side, the study examines the experience of political Islam in 
Egypt since the founding of the Moslem Brotherhood in 1928 and through 
the establishment of the Freedom and Justice Party in 2011 which came to 
power in 2012. The study also reviews the role of the military 
establishment in the Egyptian political system and its increased influence 
throughout the change-over of the Egypt’s leadership, culminating to its 
complete domination after the 2013 coup.   
 
The research began with several assumptions: that it is possible for Egypt 
and particularly the Moslem Brotherhood to benefit from the Turkish 
experience pertaining to the rise to power of the Justice and Development 
Party, while keeping in mind the specificity of the Egyptian context; that 
benefitting from the Turkish experience which developed gradually, would 
require that the Moslem Brotherhood draw up a comprehensive plan for an 
alternative political system in the Egyptian context. This would require 
development of the Moslem Brotherhood’s thought, program and internal 
organization that would be in line with the reality in Egypt, and take into 
account Egypt’s standing regionally and internationally. 
 
 ؾ
The main research question study addresses is whether it is possible to 
transfer the Turkish experience to Egypt by analyzing the similarities and 
differences between the two cases. By examining both cases, the research 
produced the following main outcomes: in light of the experience of the 
Justice and Development Party in Turkey and its ability to restore Turkey’s 
power and its standing regionally and internationally by utilizing its Arab 
and Islamic strategic geographical depth, it is necessary for Egypt today to 
reformulate its strategic depth on the Arab, African and Islamic levels 
which would manifest its regional and international standing. This could be 
done by utilizing Egypt’s sources of soft power and by establishing a 
civilian political system which would restore such a role and standing.  
 
On the civil-military relations level, the main strategic objective which the 
Islamic and political parties should work towards is to reduce the 
dominance of the military in the political system to transform it to a 
political system controlled by civilians. Keeping in mind that achieving this 
objective could take years, it is necessary to begin preparing for such an 
outcome from today. While the Islamic movement in Turkey benefitted 
from a gradual process over decades which entailed changing its political 
name, agenda and goals, such a trajectory is not foreseeable within the 
current reality in Egypt. Consequently, such a transition is likely to be very 
difficult, and any alternative future for Egypt may have to remain a 
theoretical endeavor awaiting the opportune time to grasp the potential for 
its implementation with the least margin of error so as not to miss 
opportunities which may not occur again. 


The Paradigm of Justice and Development of Governance and the Possibility of Transferring the Experience to Egypt

https://dspace.alquds.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12213/5963/MT_2018_21312601_8090_e.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

The Paradigm of Justice and Development of Governance and the Possibility of Transferring the Experience to Egypt

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