The inarticulated brachiopod Novocrania anomala (Müller) is recorded for the first time from Madeira Island, bringing the total of living species for that area to six. Updated comparisons of Recent brachiopod diversities between the Macaronesian archipelagos show similar values for Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores but higher values for the Canary Islands. Comparisons are also made between shallow-water cave and crevice communities in Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands, where dense populations of one or two brachiopod species are thriving in cryptic habitats where competition for space and resources is presumably reduced. No such occurrences have yet been found in the Azores.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Logan, Alan

Swinnen, Frank

Wirtz, Peter

English

The inarticulated brachiopod Novocrania anomala (Müller) is recorded for the first time from Madeira Island, bringing the total of living species for that area to six. Updated comparisons of Recent brachiopod diversities between the Macaronesian archipelagos show similar values for Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores but higher values for the
Canary Islands. Comparisons are also made between shallow-water cave and crevice
communities in Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands, where dense
populations of one or two brachiopod species are thriving in cryptic habitats where
competition for space and resources is presumably reduced. No such occurrences have yet been found in the Azores

Repositório da Universidade dos Açores

 17New record of Novocrania (Brachiopoda, Craniida) from Madeira, with notes on Recent brachiopod occurrences in the Macaronesian archipelagos ALAN LOGAN, PETER WIRTZ & FRANK SWINNEN Logan, A., P. Wirtz & F. Swinnen, 2007. New record of Novocrania (Brachiopoda, Craniida) from Madeira, with notes on Recent brachiopod occurrences in the Macaronesian archipelagos. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences 24: 17-22. The inarticulated brachiopod Novocrania anomala (Müller) is recorded for the first time from Madeira Island, bringing the total of living species for that area to six. Updated comparisons of Recent brachiopod diversities between the Macaronesian archipelagos show similar values for Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores but higher values for the Canary Islands. Comparisons are also made between shallow-water cave and crevice communities in Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands, where dense populations of one or two brachiopod species are thriving in cryptic habitats where competition for space and resources is presumably reduced. No such occurrences have yet been found in the Azores. Key words: brachiopods, cryptic habitats, Macaronesia, seamounts, check-list Alan Logan (e-mail: logan@unbsj.ca), Department of Geology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B. E2L 4L5, Canada; Peter Wirtz, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, PT-8000-117 Faro, Portugal; Frank Swinnen, Research Associate, Museu Municipal do Funchal (Madeira, Portugal) and Lutlommel 10, BE-3920 Lommel, Belgium. INTRODUCTION Logan (1993) summarized the state of knowledge of the diversity, biogeographic affinities, bathymetric range and life habits of Recent brachiopods from the south-east North Atlantic region (Madeira, Canary-Salvage Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and off the mainland of north-west Africa). The study was based on identifications made by previous investigators, plus specimens identified by Logan (1983, 1988, 1993) from 194 stations from the CANCAP I-VII expeditions between 1976-86. Since then further collections of brachiopods have been identified, mainly by Logan (1998) from 48 stations from seven seamounts to the west of Madeira and south of the Azores (SEAMOUNT 2), by Gaspard (2003) from 52 stations from six seamounts to the north-east of Madeira (SEAMOUNT 1) and by Zezina (2006) from other localities, allowing an up-to-date checklist to be compiled for the whole region (Table 1). In addition, information is here provided on abnormally high densities of one or two species of brachiopods from shallow-water cryptic habitats, such as lava caves, in Madeira, the Canary Islands (El Hierro and La Palma) and Cape Verde Islands (Sal and Santiago).   MATERIAL AND METHODS Collections made from Madeira by Swinnen and Wirtz and from the Canary Islands (El Hierro and La Palma) and Cape Verde Islands (Sal and Santiago) by Wirtz were saved as dry specimens  18or preserved in alcohol. During SCUBA dives to these areas Wirtz also collected and photographed brachiopods and associated biota in the field, then sent specimens and images to Logan for identification and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS NEW RECORD Two well-preserved dorsal valves of the inarticulated brachiopod Novocrania anomala (Müller) were collected by Swinnen from off Cais do Lazareto, near the port of Funchal, Madeira Island from depths of 150 m and 382 m (exact details on request to Swinnen). This species is known from Sagres (Portugal), Atlantis Seamount (SEAMOUNT 2) and the Firth of Lorne (Scotland), as well as in the Mediterranean sea, while its congener N. turbinata (Poli) is known from the Cape Verde Islands and north-west Africa, as well as several localities mainly in the southern and eastern part of the Mediterranean (Logan & Long 2001). These authors described and illustrated the major differences between the two species, which mainly involve dorsal valve skeletal internal features. These differences are illustrated in Fig. 1. The Madeira specimens, one of which is shown in Fig. 1A, are here assigned to N. anomala although they both differ in the shape and degree of separation of the anterior adductor,  brachial protractor and brachial retractor muscle scars from the more typical N. anomala from Atlantis Seamount (Fig. 1B) and from the muscle pattern in N. turbinata from the Cape Verde Islands (Fig. 1C). In the south-eastern North Atlantic the two species seem to be separated geographically by a line drawn from the Cape Verde Islands to the entrance to the Mediterranean, with N. turbinata the dominant species south of that line, as well as in the southern and eastern Mediterranean (Logan & Long 2001).      The species Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Leptothyrella (formerly Phaneropora) incerta, and Megathiris detruncata were previously recorded in 1983 by Logan from CANCAP I and III expeditions to Madeira in 1976 and 1978, while Argyrotheca cuneata and A. cordata were identified by the same author in 1983 from single dead shells extracted from sand collected by RV Jean Charcot in 1966 (ZARCO expedition) from south-east of Porto Santo island at a depth of 60m. P. atlanticus is typically a deep-water species of the lower bathyal zone and was found at depths in excess of 2800m south of Porto Santo, while L. incerta is from the upper bathyal zone at 740 m (Logan 1983). Shallow water localities in lava caves and tunnels around Madeira are dominated by Megathiris detruncata, easily identifiable by its triseptate dorsal valve (Logan 1979, 2005; Wirtz 1995).  Fig. 1. The pattern of adductor, protractor and retractor muscle scars and median ridge in the dorsal valve of A. Novocrania anomala from Madeira Island, off Funchal, 150m; B. N. anomala from Atlantis Seamount, 280-345m. C. N. turbinata from Tarrafal, Santiago Island, Cape Verde Islands, 15 m. See Logan & Long (2001) for explanation of differences. Scale bar represents 2 mm.  19MACARONESIAN BRACHIOPOD DIVERSITIES Logan (1993) _compared _the _total _number _of brachiopod species recorded from Madeira   with those from the Canary-Salvage Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and north-west Africa. There have been no taxonomic studies on brachiopods from the Azores since Fischer & Oehlert (1891) listed 3 species from deep waters around the islands from the Talisman expedition in 1883. However, Zezina (1985, 2000, 2006) has since identified  Table 1. List of definitively-identified Recent brachiopod species obtained from various localities in the Macaronesian islands region, latitudinal and longitudinal boundaries approximate (sources of information from Álvarez et al. 2005, Dall 1920, Fischer & Oehlert 1891, Gaspard 2003, Logan 1979, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, this report, Zezina 1985, 2000, 2006).  *Stenosarina davidsoni Logan, 1998 includes S. sphenoidea identified by Logan (1988) and S. crosnieri identified by Gaspard (2003) in its synonymy. Azores Madeira Canary Islands Cp. Verde  Islands SEAMOUNT 1 area SEAMOUNT 2 area Species/Locations 35-45o N 20-30o W 30-35o N 15-20o W 23-30oN 15-25oW 10-23oN  20-30oW 33-38oN  10-15oW 29-35oN  26-31oW Pelagodiscus atlanticus  +   + + Novocrania anomala  +  + + + N. turbinata     +   Cryptopora gnomon +      Hispanirhynchia cornea   +   + Dyscolia  wyvillei +     + Abyssothyris atlantica      + Acrobelesia cooperi   +    Stenosarina davidsoni * +  + + + + Terebratulina retusa   + +   Eucalathis tuberata +  +  +  Eucalathis ergastica +  +  + + Argyrotheca cistellula +    +  Argyrotheca cuneata   + + + +  Argyrotheca cordata  + +    Argyrotheca grandicostata   +    Gwynia capsula     +  Megathiris detruncata  + + + +  Platidia anomioides +    + + Leptothyrella incerta + + + + + + Megerlia truncata   +    Megerlia echinata     +  Kraussina mercatori    +   Dallina septigera +  +  + + Macandrevia cranium   +  + + Thecidellina williamsi    +   Pajaudina atlantica   +    Nanacalathis atlantica      + Chlidonophora incerta +     + Number of species 29 10 6 15 9 14 13  20another 7 species collected by Russian research vessels, also from Azorean deep waters, to bring the total to 10. The number of brachiopod species recorded from all these localities, plus those from seamounts by Logan (1998), Gaspard (2003) and Zezina (2006) are shown in Table 1.  SHALLOW-WATER OCCURRENCES ON CRYPTIC SUBSTRATES Shallow-water lava caves and crevices (cryptic substrates) around  Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands support sessile invertebrate communities comprising mainly sponges, bryozoans, foraminiferans, annelids, tunicates, bivalves and azooxanthellate corals, as well as high densities of small brachiopods.       As mentioned above, the dominant brachiopod in Madeira is the pediculate megathyrid Megathiris  detruncata (Gmelin) figured by Wirtz (1995).  Logan (2005) demonstrated that there are significant increases in the width, thickness and width-thickness ratio between the Mediterranean (La Ciotat) and Atlantic (Sagres, Ponta da Oliveira on Madeira Island) occurrences that may represent_a_cline. Since then Wirtz has collected a small sample of this species from 16 m depth in Garajau Cave Madeira Island that shows specimens almost 40% wider than the widest from Ponta da Oliveira, which may reflect more favourable growth conditions at Garajau for this species.      Photographs of cryptic substrates and collections of specimens by Wirtz show that similar lava substrates in the Canary Islands of El Hierro and La Palma support the same kind of sessile invertebrate communities as in Madeira but here are colonized mainly by the cementing thecideide brachiopod Pajaudina atlantica Logan.Fig. 2. Dense cluster of small brachiopods in cave at depth of 12 m, Tarrafal, Santiago Island, Cape Verde Islands (photo by P. Wirtz). Km=Kraussina mercatori,. T=Thecidellina williamsi. Thecidellinids are_about_4_mm_in_width. 21These can reach densities of around 5000/m-2 in some areas (Logan 2004). Álvarez et al. (2005) also show dense populations of P. atlantica, as well as rare argyrothecids, from shallow-water caves and ledges in El Hierro and Tenerife.      In the Cape Verde Islands, the cryptic community on the island of Sal includes large numbers of the pediculate kraussinid brachiopod Kraussina mercatori Helmcke and the cementing craniid brachiopod Novocrania turbinata (Poli), while volcanic substrates on the nearby island of Santiago (particularly at Tarrafal at its northern end) and São Nicolau show, in addition to K. mercatori, dense populations of the recently-described (Lüter et al. 2007) cementing thecideide Thecidellina williamsi (Fig. 2). Repeated dives by Wirtz in Azorean caves in Faial, Flores and Terceira down to 35 m depth on lava substrates similar to the other Macaronesian islands have failed to locate any brachiopods, for reasons not yet understood. DISCUSSION Updated records from those of Logan (1993) have resulted in a total of 29 species from 23 genera in the area of the south-east North Atlantic from the Azores to the Cape Verde Islands, making this area one of the most diverse for living brachiopods in the northern hemisphere. The disparity in species richness between the Canary Islands and the other archipelagos can perhaps be ascribed to reduced collecting activity in the deeper waters around the Madeira, Cape Verde and Azores islands, although 196 stations bottom-sampled during the CANCAP V expedition to the Azores in 1981 with  HNLMS Tydeman yielded no brachiopods (Logan 1988).     Of particular interest is the common occurrence of dense populations of brachiopods from shallow cryptic habitats in Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands, each location being dominated by different species.  The cryptic habitat is favoured by small brachiopods in many areas of the world (Jackson et al. 1971) and may act as a refuge for them against predation and intense competition for space and other resources.  REFERENCES Álvarez, F., A. Martínez, L. Núñez & J. Núñez 2005. Sobre la presencia en Canarias de varias especies de braquiópodos (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonellata) en cuevas y cornisas submarinas. Vieraea 33: 261-279. Dall, W.H. 1920. Annotated list of the Recent Brachiopoda in the collection of the United States National Museum, with descriptions of thirty-three new forms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 57(2314): 261-377. Fischer, P. & D-P. Oehlert 1891. Brachiopodes. Expéditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Masson, Paris. 139 pp. Gaspard, D. 2003. Recent brachiopods collected during the SEAMOUNT 1 Cruise off Portugal and the Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (northeastern Atlantic) in 1987. Geobios 36(3): 285-304. Jackson, J.B.C., T.F. Goreau & W.D. Hartman 1971. Recent brachiopod-coralline sponge communities and their paleoecological significance. Science 173: 623-625. Logan, A. 1979. The Recent Brachiopoda of the Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco 72(1434): 112.  Logan, A. 1983. Brachiopoda collected by CANCAP I-III expeditions to the south-east North Atlantic. 1976-1978. Zoologische Mededelingen 57(18): 165-189. Logan, A. 1988. Brachiopoda collected by CANCAP IV and VI expeditions to the south-east North Atlantic. 1980-1982. Zoologische Mededelingen 62(5): 59-74. Logan, A. 1993. Recent brachiopods from the Canarian-Cape Verdean region: diversity, biogeographic affinities, bathymetric range and life habits. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 159: 229-233. Logan, A. 1998. Recent Brachiopoda from the oceanographic expedition SEAMOUNT 2 to the north-eastern Atlantic in 1993. Zoosystema 20(4): 549-562. Logan, A. 2004. Ecological, reproductive and ontogenetic features in Pajaudina atlantica Logan (Thecideidae, Brachiopoda, Recent) from the Canary Islands. P.S.Z.N.: Marine Ecology 25(3): 207-215. Logan, A. 2005. Recent cave-dwelling brachiopods from western Portugal and Madeira. In: Biscoito, M., A.J. Almeida & P. RÉ (Eds). A Tribute to Luiz Saldanha. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal. Suplemento 6: 65-73.   22Logan, A. & S.L. Long 2001. Shell morphology and geographical distribution of Neocrania (Brachiopoda, Recent) in the eastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Pp. 71-79 in: Brunton, C.H.C., L.R.M. Cocks, & S.L. Long (Eds). Brachiopods past and present: Chapter 8. Systematics Association Special Volume Series. Taylor and Francis, London. 63. Lüter, C., J. Hoffmann & A. Logan 2007. Cryptic speciation in the Recent thecideide brachiopod Thecidellina in the Atlantic and the Caribbean. In: Cusack, M. & D.A.T. Harper (Eds). Brachiopod Research into the Third Millenium. Earth and Environmental Science, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Volume 98, Special issue 3-4: 405-413. Wirtz, P. 1995. Unterwasserführer Madeira, Kanaren, Azoren. Delius Klasing, Edition Naglschmid.     247 pp.                                     Zezina, O.N. 1985. Present-day brachiopods and problems of the bathyal zone of the oceans. Akademiia Nauk CCCP, Moscow. 247 pp. [In Russian]. Zezina, O.N.  2000. Russian collections of the deep-sea brachiopods in the Atlantic Ocean. In: Kuznetsov, A.P., & O.N. Zezina (Eds). Benthos of the Russian seas and the northern Atlantic. Akademiia Nauk. Moscow. 26-36 pp. [In Russian, with English abstract] Zezina, O.N. 2006. Deep-sea brachiopods in Russian collections from the Atlantic ocean. Pp. 67-75 in: Miranov, A.N., A.V. Gebruk & A.J. Southward (Eds). Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow.    Accepted 10 December 2007.  

New record of Novocrania (Brachiopoda, Craniida) from Madeira, with notes on Recent brachiopod occurrences in the Macaronesian archipelagos

Sapientia

The inarticulated brachiopod Novocrania anomala (Müller) is recorded for the first time from Madeira Island, bringing the total of living species for that area to six. Updated comparisons of Recent brachiopod diversities between the Macaronesian archipelagos show similar values for Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores but higher values for the Canary Islands. Comparisons are also made between shallow-water cave and crevice communities in Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands, where dense populations of one or two brachiopod species are thriving in cryptic habitats where competition for space and resources is presumably reduced. No such occurrences have yet been found in the Azores

Logan, A.

Wirtz, P.

Swinnen, F.

Open Marine Archive

 17
New record of Novocrania (Brachiopoda, Craniida) from 
Madeira, with notes on Recent brachiopod occurrences in 
the Macaronesian archipelagos 
ALAN LOGAN, PETER WIRTZ & FRANK SWINNEN 
Logan, A., P. Wirtz & F. Swinnen, 2007. New record of Novocrania 
(Brachiopoda, Craniida) from Madeira, with notes on Recent brachiopod 
occurrences in the Macaronesian archipelagos. Arquipélago. Life and Marine 
Sciences 24: 17-22. 
The inarticulated brachiopod Novocrania anomala (Müller) is recorded for the first time 
from Madeira Island, bringing the total of living species for that area to six. Updated 
comparisons of Recent brachiopod diversities between the Macaronesian archipelagos show 
similar values for Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores but higher values for the 
Canary Islands. Comparisons are also made between shallow-water cave and crevice 
communities in Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands, where dense 
populations of one or two brachiopod species are thriving in cryptic habitats where 
competition for space and resources is presumably reduced. No such occurrences have yet 
been found in the Azores. 
Key words: brachiopods, cryptic habitats, Macaronesia, seamounts, check-list 
Alan Logan (e-mail: logan@unbsj.ca), Department of Geology, University of New 
Brunswick, Saint John, N.B. E2L 4L5, Canada; Peter Wirtz, Centro de Ciências do Mar, 
Universidade do Algarve, PT-8000-117 Faro, Portugal; Frank Swinnen, Research 
Associate, Museu Municipal do Funchal (Madeira, Portugal) and Lutlommel 10, BE-3920 
Lommel, Belgium. 
INTRODUCTION 
Logan (1993) summarized the state of knowledge 
of the diversity, biogeographic affinities, 
bathymetric range and life habits of Recent 
brachiopods from the south-east North Atlantic 
region (Madeira, Canary-Salvage Islands, Cape 
Verde Islands, and off the mainland of north-west 
Africa). The study was based on identifications 
made by previous investigators, plus specimens 
identified by Logan (1983, 1988, 1993) from 194 
stations from the CANCAP I-VII expeditions 
between 1976-86. Since then further collections 
of brachiopods have been identified, mainly by 
Logan (1998) from 48 stations from seven 
seamounts to the west of Madeira and south of the 
Azores (SEAMOUNT 2), by Gaspard (2003) 
from 52 stations from six seamounts to the north-
east of Madeira (SEAMOUNT 1) and by Zezina 
(2006) from other localities, allowing an up-to-
date checklist to be compiled for the whole region 
(Table 1). In addition, information is here 
provided on abnormally high densities of one or 
two species of brachiopods from shallow-water 
cryptic habitats, such as lava caves, in Madeira, 
the Canary Islands (El Hierro and La Palma) and 
Cape Verde Islands (Sal and Santiago).   
MATERIAL AND METHODS 
Collections made from Madeira by Swinnen and 
Wirtz and from the Canary Islands (El Hierro and 
La Palma) and Cape Verde Islands (Sal and 
Santiago) by Wirtz were saved as dry specimens 
 18
or preserved in alcohol. During SCUBA dives to 
these areas Wirtz also collected and photographed 
brachiopods and associated biota in the field, then 
sent specimens and images to Logan for 
identification and scanning electron microscopy. 
RESULTS 
NEW RECORD 
Two well-preserved dorsal valves of the 
inarticulated brachiopod Novocrania anomala 
(Müller) were collected by Swinnen from off Cais 
do Lazareto, near the port of Funchal, Madeira 
Island from depths of 150 m and 382 m (exact 
details on request to Swinnen). This species is 
known from Sagres (Portugal), Atlantis Seamount 
(SEAMOUNT 2) and the Firth of Lorne 
(Scotland), as well as in the Mediterranean sea, 
while its congener N. turbinata (Poli) is known 
from the Cape Verde Islands and north-west 
Africa, as well as several localities mainly in the 
southern and eastern part of the Mediterranean 
(Logan & Long 2001). These authors described 
and illustrated the major differences between the 
two species, which mainly involve dorsal valve 
skeletal internal features. These differences are 
illustrated in Fig. 1. The Madeira specimens, one 
of which is shown in Fig. 1A, are here assigned to 
N. anomala although they both differ in the shape 
and degree of separation of the anterior adductor,  
brachial protractor and brachial retractor muscle 
scars from the more typical N. anomala from 
Atlantis Seamount (Fig. 1B) and from the muscle 
pattern in N. turbinata from the Cape Verde 
Islands (Fig. 1C). In the south-eastern North 
Atlantic the two species seem to be separated 
geographically by a line drawn from the Cape 
Verde Islands to the entrance to the 
Mediterranean, with N. turbinata the dominant 
species south of that line, as well as in the 
southern and eastern Mediterranean (Logan & 
Long 2001).  
    The species Pelagodiscus atlanticus, 
Leptothyrella (formerly Phaneropora) incerta, 
and Megathiris detruncata were previously 
recorded in 1983 by Logan from CANCAP I and 
III expeditions to Madeira in 1976 and 1978, 
while Argyrotheca cuneata and A. cordata were 
identified by the same author in 1983 from single 
dead shells extracted from sand collected by RV 
Jean Charcot in 1966 (ZARCO expedition) from 
south-east of Porto Santo island at a depth of 
60m. P. atlanticus is typically a deep-water 
species of the lower bathyal zone and was found 
at depths in excess of 2800m south of Porto 
Santo, while L. incerta is from the upper bathyal 
zone at 740 m (Logan 1983). Shallow water 
localities in lava caves and tunnels around 
Madeira are dominated by Megathiris detruncata, 
easily identifiable by its triseptate dorsal valve 
(Logan 1979, 2005; Wirtz 1995). 
 
Fig. 1. The pattern of adductor, protractor and retractor muscle scars and median ridge in the 
dorsal valve of A. Novocrania anomala from Madeira Island, off Funchal, 150m; B. N. anomala 
from Atlantis Seamount, 280-345m. C. N. turbinata from Tarrafal, Santiago Island, Cape Verde 
Islands, 15 m. See Logan & Long (2001) for explanation of differences. Scale bar represents 2 mm. 
 19
MACARONESIAN BRACHIOPOD DIVERSITIES 
Logan (1993) _compared _the _total _number _of 
brachiopod species recorded from Madeira   with 
those from the Canary-Salvage Islands, Cape 
Verde Islands, and north-west Africa. There have 
been no taxonomic studies on brachiopods from 
the Azores since Fischer & Oehlert (1891) listed 
3 species from deep waters around the islands 
from the Talisman expedition in 1883. However, 
Zezina (1985, 2000, 2006) has since identified 
 
Table 1. List of definitively-identified Recent brachiopod species obtained from various localities in the 
Macaronesian islands region, latitudinal and longitudinal boundaries approximate (sources of information from 
Álvarez et al. 2005, Dall 1920, Fischer & Oehlert 1891, Gaspard 2003, Logan 1979, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, this 
report, Zezina 1985, 2000, 2006).  *Stenosarina davidsoni Logan, 1998 includes S. sphenoidea identified by Logan 
(1988) and S. crosnieri identified by Gaspard (2003) in its synonymy. 
Azores Madeira Canary Islands 
Cp. Verde  
Islands 
SEAMOUNT 
1 area 
SEAMOUNT 
2 area 
Species/Locations 35-45o N 
20-30o W 
30-35o N 
15-20o W 
23-30oN 
15-25oW 
10-23oN  
20-30oW 
33-38oN  
10-15oW 
29-35oN  
26-31oW 
Pelagodiscus atlanticus  +   + + 
Novocrania anomala  +  + + + 
N. turbinata     +   
Cryptopora gnomon +      
Hispanirhynchia cornea   +   + 
Dyscolia  wyvillei +     + 
Abyssothyris atlantica      + 
Acrobelesia cooperi   +    
Stenosarina davidsoni * +  + + + + 
Terebratulina retusa   + +   
Eucalathis tuberata +  +  +  
Eucalathis ergastica +  +  + + 
Argyrotheca cistellula +    +  
Argyrotheca cuneata   + + + +  
Argyrotheca cordata  + +    
Argyrotheca grandicostata   +    
Gwynia capsula     +  
Megathiris detruncata  + + + +  
Platidia anomioides +    + + 
Leptothyrella incerta + + + + + + 
Megerlia truncata   +    
Megerlia echinata     +  
Kraussina mercatori    +   
Dallina septigera +  +  + + 
Macandrevia cranium   +  + + 
Thecidellina williamsi    +   
Pajaudina atlantica   +    
Nanacalathis atlantica      + 
Chlidonophora incerta +     + 
Number of species 29 10 6 15 9 14 13 
 20
another 7 species collected by Russian research 
vessels, also from Azorean deep waters, to bring 
the total to 10. The number of brachiopod species 
recorded from all these localities, plus those from 
seamounts by Logan (1998), Gaspard (2003) and 
Zezina (2006) are shown in Table 1. 
 
SHALLOW-WATER OCCURRENCES ON CRYPTIC 
SUBSTRATES 
Shallow-water lava caves and crevices (cryptic 
substrates) around  Madeira, the Canary Islands 
and the Cape Verde Islands support sessile 
invertebrate communities comprising mainly 
sponges, bryozoans, foraminiferans, annelids, 
tunicates, bivalves and azooxanthellate corals, as 
well as high densities of small brachiopods.       
As mentioned above, the dominant brachiopod in 
Madeira is the pediculate megathyrid Megathiris  
detruncata (Gmelin) figured by Wirtz (1995).  
Logan (2005) demonstrated that there are 
significant increases in the width, thickness and 
width-thickness ratio between the Mediterranean 
(La Ciotat) and Atlantic (Sagres, Ponta da 
Oliveira on Madeira Island) occurrences that may 
represent_a_cline. Since then Wirtz has collected 
a small sample of this species from 16 m depth in 
Garajau Cave Madeira Island that shows 
specimens almost 40% wider than the widest 
from Ponta da Oliveira, which may reflect more 
favourable growth conditions at Garajau for this 
species.  
    Photographs of cryptic substrates and 
collections of specimens by Wirtz show that 
similar lava substrates in the Canary Islands of El 
Hierro and La Palma support the same kind of 
sessile invertebrate communities as in Madeira 
but here are colonized mainly by the cementing 
thecideide brachiopod Pajaudina atlantica Logan.
Fig. 2. Dense cluster of small brachiopods in cave at depth of 12 m, Tarrafal, Santiago Island, Cape 
Verde Islands (photo by P. Wirtz). Km=Kraussina mercatori,. T=Thecidellina williamsi. Thecidellinids 
are_about_4_mm_in_width.
 21
These can reach densities of around 5000/m-2 in 
some areas (Logan 2004). Álvarez et al. (2005) 
also show dense populations of P. atlantica, as 
well as rare argyrothecids, from shallow-water 
caves and ledges in El Hierro and Tenerife.  
    In the Cape Verde Islands, the cryptic 
community on the island of Sal includes large 
numbers of the pediculate kraussinid brachiopod 
Kraussina mercatori Helmcke and the cementing 
craniid brachiopod Novocrania turbinata (Poli), 
while volcanic substrates on the nearby island of 
Santiago (particularly at Tarrafal at its northern 
end) and São Nicolau show, in addition to K. 
mercatori, dense populations of the recently-
described (Lüter et al. 2007) cementing 
thecideide Thecidellina williamsi (Fig. 2). 
Repeated dives by Wirtz in Azorean caves in 
Faial, Flores and Terceira down to 35 m depth on 
lava substrates similar to the other Macaronesian 
islands have failed to locate any brachiopods, for 
reasons not yet understood. 
DISCUSSION 
Updated records from those of Logan (1993) have 
resulted in a total of 29 species from 23 genera in 
the area of the south-east North Atlantic from the 
Azores to the Cape Verde Islands, making this 
area one of the most diverse for living 
brachiopods in the northern hemisphere. The 
disparity in species richness between the Canary 
Islands and the other archipelagos can perhaps be 
ascribed to reduced collecting activity in the 
deeper waters around the Madeira, Cape Verde 
and Azores islands, although 196 stations bottom-
sampled during the CANCAP V expedition to the 
Azores in 1981 with  HNLMS Tydeman yielded 
no brachiopods (Logan 1988). 
    Of particular interest is the common occurrence 
of dense populations of brachiopods from shallow 
cryptic habitats in Madeira, the Canary Islands 
and the Cape Verde Islands, each location being 
dominated by different species.  The cryptic 
habitat is favoured by small brachiopods in many 
areas of the world (Jackson et al. 1971) and may 
act as a refuge for them against predation and 
intense competition for space and other resources.  
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Accepted 10 December 2007. 
 


New record of <i>Novocrania</i> (Brachiopoda, craniida) from Madeira, with notes on recent brachiopod occurrences in the Macaronesian archipelagos

Universidade do Algarve

http://repositorio.uac.pt/bitstream/10400.3/217/1/pp_17_22_Logan_etal_24.pdf

New record of Novocrania (Brachiopoda, Craniida) from Madeira, with notes on Recent brachiopod occurrences in the Macaronesian archipelagos

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