The use of antibiotics has contributed to
a marked decrease in morbidity caused by communicable and infec-
tious diseases over the past few years.
The aim of our study is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in clinic
in  2010  and  2011,  considering  two  different  methodologies:  the
defined  daily  dose  per  1000  inhabitants  per  day  (DHD)  and  the
number of packages per 1000 inhabitants per day (PHD)

Filipe Mota, H.

Pinho, S.

Ramalhinho, Isabel

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

English

Universidade do Algarve

Int J Clin Pharm (2016) 38:470–598 
PE010: Antibiotic consumption in Portugal: 2010 and 2011 
S. Pinho; I. Ramalhinho; H. Filipe Mota 
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro; 
National Authority of Medicines and Health Products; 
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 
 
Background and objective: 
The use of antibiotics has contributed to 
a marked decrease in morbidity caused by communicable and infec- 
tious diseases over the past few years. 
The aim of our study is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in clinic 
in  2010  and  2011,  considering  two  different  methodologies:  the 
defined  daily  dose  per  1000  inhabitants  per  day  (DHD)  and  the 
number of packages per 1000 inhabitants per day (PHD). 
Setting   and   method: 
Two   databases   were   used:   a   dispensing 
antibiotics database with prescription in ambulatory, provided by the 
National  Drug  Authority  and  Health  Products  (INFARMED),  and  a 
sales database of wholesalers, provided by the International Medical 
Statistics   (IMS)   Health.   The   classification   and   grouping   of   the 
molecules  are  made  according  to  the  criteria  of  the  ATC  system 
(Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical), and its consumption is expressed 
in  defined  daily  dose  per  1000  inhabitants  per  day  (DHD)  and  the 
number of packages per 1000 inhabitants and per day (PHD). 
Main outcome measures: 
1.    Defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD). 
2.    Number of packages per 1000 inhabitants per day (PHD). 
3.    Percentage of consumed antibiotics. 
Results: 
The  analysis  of  the  consumption  of  antibiotics  in  clinic  in 
Portugal between 2010 and 2011, shows that while the total sales of 
antibiotics  from  wholesalers  to  pharmacies  have  decreased,  4.69 % 
DHD   and   3.02 %   PHD,   the   consumption   per   prescription   has 
increased 2.23 % DHD and 0.65 % PHD. 
Regarding  the  group  of  antibiotics,  the  group  of  penicillines 
showed the highest consumption both at the level of prescription and 
at the level of sales from wholesalers to pharmacies, according to the 
two  methods  of  analysis.  The  cephalosporins  and  quinolones  were 
two groups of antibiotics that showed a decrease  in consumption in 
both databases, confirming the trend observed in other studies. 
The  comparative  analysis  of  antibiotic  consumption  in  different 
health  regions  has  shown  that  there  are  significant  differences.  The 
North region presented a greater reduction (10.26 DHD) consumption 
with prescription while the Alentejo region was the one that presented 
a greater decrease (8.41 and 5.01 % DHD PHD) of total sales from 
wholesalers to pharmacies. 
Conclusion: 
The present study has shown differences in the results by 
different methods and data sources, concluding that it was necessary 
to use several analysis methods, in order to improve the interpretation 
of changes in the consumption of antibiotics. 
Disclosure of interest 
: None declared 
 


Antibiotic consumption in Portugal: 2010 and 2011

Sapientia

Int J Clin Pharm (2016) 38:470–598 PE010: Antibiotic consumption in Portugal: 2010 and 2011 S. Pinho; I. Ramalhinho; H. Filipe Mota Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro; National Authority of Medicines and Health Products; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal  Background and objective: The use of antibiotics has contributed to a marked decrease in morbidity caused by communicable and infec- tious diseases over the past few years. The aim of our study is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in clinic in  2010  and  2011,  considering  two  different  methodologies:  the defined  daily  dose  per  1000  inhabitants  per  day  (DHD)  and  the number of packages per 1000 inhabitants per day (PHD). Setting   and   method: Two   databases   were   used:   a   dispensing antibiotics database with prescription in ambulatory, provided by the National  Drug  Authority  and  Health  Products  (INFARMED),  and  a sales database of wholesalers, provided by the International Medical Statistics   (IMS)   Health.   The   classification   and   grouping   of   the molecules  are  made  according  to  the  criteria  of  the  ATC  system (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical), and its consumption is expressed in  defined  daily  dose  per  1000  inhabitants  per  day  (DHD)  and  the number of packages per 1000 inhabitants and per day (PHD). Main outcome measures: 1.    Defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD). 2.    Number of packages per 1000 inhabitants per day (PHD). 3.    Percentage of consumed antibiotics. Results: The  analysis  of  the  consumption  of  antibiotics  in  clinic  in Portugal between 2010 and 2011, shows that while the total sales of antibiotics  from  wholesalers  to  pharmacies  have  decreased,  4.69 % DHD   and   3.02 %   PHD,   the   consumption   per   prescription   has increased 2.23 % DHD and 0.65 % PHD. Regarding  the  group  of  antibiotics,  the  group  of  penicillines showed the highest consumption both at the level of prescription and at the level of sales from wholesalers to pharmacies, according to the two  methods  of  analysis.  The  cephalosporins  and  quinolones  were two groups of antibiotics that showed a decrease  in consumption in both databases, confirming the trend observed in other studies. The  comparative  analysis  of  antibiotic  consumption  in  different health  regions  has  shown  that  there  are  significant  differences.  The North region presented a greater reduction (10.26 DHD) consumption with prescription while the Alentejo region was the one that presented a greater decrease (8.41 and 5.01 % DHD PHD) of total sales from wholesalers to pharmacies. Conclusion: The present study has shown differences in the results by different methods and data sources, concluding that it was necessary to use several analysis methods, in order to improve the interpretation of changes in the consumption of antibiotics. Disclosure of interest : None declared  

https://sapientia.ualg.pt/bitstream/10400.1/9539/1/RamalhinhoEtAl.pdf

Antibiotic consumption in Portugal: 2010 and 2011

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