Kalinowski, Joseph Stanley

Stuart, Andrew

ScholarShip

1Implementation Of An In-The-Ear DeviceTo Alleviate Stuttering: ResearchEvidenceAndrew Stuart & Joseph KalinowskiEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC, USA2Our initial research drive…Limitations of traditional “speechrestructuring treatments”.Carry-over of fluency from therapy todaily living is often difficult and relapse iscommon.Speech, while initially stutter-free, isoften unnatural sounding.3“A sense of invulnerability tostuttering.”Kalinowski (2003)4A first principle notformally recognizedby scientificmethodologists:When you run ontosomethinginteresting, dropeverything else andstudy it.B.F. Skinner56Research ObjectivesWhat are the optimal AAF parametersthat induce the greatest reduction instuttering frequency?Armson & Stuart, 1998; Hargrave et al.,1994; Kalinowski et al., 1993, 1995, 1996;MacLeod et al., 1995; Stuart et al., 1996,19977Do fluency effects of AAF generalizefrom the lab to situations of daily livingand is speech natural?Armson et al., 1997; Kalinowski et al.,1999; Zimmerman et al., 19978Impetus For DeviceDevelopmentEffects are spontaneous without effort.Speech is natural sounding.Effects are seen in reading andconversation.Effects are evident monaurallyregardless of ear.Effects are observed in public speakingand on telephone.910Preliminary ResearchQuestionsDoes an in-the-ear device work?With reading and monologue while over anextended length of time.Does the speech of the user soundnatural?Is the user satisfied?11Initial Fitting and Follow-up(Stuart et al., 2004)00.10.20.3Proportion of Stuttered SyllablesReading MonologueTaskDeviceNo Device1200.10.20.30.4Proportion of Stuttered SyllablesInitial Four MonthsReading00.10.20.30.4Initial Four MonthsMonologue130123456789Naturalness RatingND/I D/I D/4M0123456789ND/I D/I D/4MSpeaking ConditionMonologueReadingYouth Adult1412 Month Follow-up(Stuart et al., 2006)00.050.10.150.20.25Proportion of Stuttered Syllables0 4 8 12Time (Months)Monologue - DeviceMonologue - No DeviceReading - DeviceReading - No Device 150 5 10 15 20Raw ScoreAvoidanceExpectancyStrugglePSI SubscalePost-DevicePre-Device 160 3 6 9NormalsDevice - 0 MonthsDevice - 4 MonthsDevice - 12 MonthsNo Device - 0 MonthsNo Device - 12 Months0 3 6 9Naturalness RatingDevice - 0 MonthsDevice - 4 MonthsDevice - 12 MonthsNo Device - 0 MonthsNo Device - 12 MonthsReadingMonologue 17Users’ Self Report Perspective(Kalinowski et al., 2004)A questionnaire was mailed to 250individuals who purchased the fluencydevice from three differentdistribution centers in the US.18105 (42%) usable questionnaires from85 males and 20 females were returnedfrom participants aged 7 – 81 (M = 32years).7-point scales assessed 6 indices onperceptions before and after acquiringthe device.19Overall stutteringfrequency.Use of speech andsituationalavoidances.20 Frequency oftelephone use. Frequency ofstuttering whileusing thetelephone.21 Stutteringfrequency in face-to-faceconversation. Speech naturalness.22Where Now?The therapeutic effect and itsmagnitude have been identified.Phase 1 (Robey, 2006)Explored the dimensions of thetherapeutic effect in preparations forconducting a clinical trial.Phase 2 (Robey, 2006)Armson et al., 2006; Stuart et al., 2004, 200623Issues(Ingham et al., 1998; Kalinowski, et al., 1998; Lincoln et al., 2006; Onslow, 2001)Conversational speech?Variability of responsiveness to AAF?Children?Combination with other therapy?24On the Issue of VariabilityAre those individuals who stutter thatdo not respond to AAF “silentblockers?”Is the duration of residual stutteringepisodes reduced during AAF?That may explain why self reportedmeasures of efficacy of AAF devices ispositive.25Proportion of StutteredSyllables00.020.040.060.08Proportion of Stuttered SyllablesNAF-1 FAF NAF-2Feedback00.020.040.060.08NAF-1 FAF NAF-2Feedback00.020.040.060.08NAF-1 FAF NAF-2FeedbackProlongations Repetitions Silent Blocks 26Total Duration of StutteredSyllables02.557.510Duration (s/min)NAF-1 FAF NAF-2Feedback02.557.510NAF-1 FAF NAF-2Feedback02.557.510NAF-1 FAF NAF-2FeedbackProlongations Repetitions Silent Blocks 27Average Duration ofStuttered Syllables0.50.7511.251.5Duration (s)NAF-1 FAF NAF-2Feedback0.50.7511.251.5NAF-1 FAF NAF-2Feedback0.50.7511.251.5NAF-1 FAF NAF-2FeedbackProlongations Repetitions Silent Blocks0.0 0.0 0.0 28Questions

Implementation Of An In-The-Ear Device To Alleviate Stuttering: Research Evidence

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

ScholarShip