Aitken, Colin

Huang, Cheng-Chieh

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     Edinburgh Research Explorer                                      Evidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary datausing a distance measureCitation for published version:Aitken, C & Huang, C-C 2015, 'Evidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using adistance measure' Statistica Applicata, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 213-224.Link:Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research ExplorerDocument Version:Peer reviewed versionPublished In:Statistica ApplicataGeneral rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s)and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise andabide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.Take down policyThe University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorercontent complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright pleasecontact openaccess@ed.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately andinvestigate your claim.Download date: 05. Apr. 2019Statistica Applicata - Italian Journal of Applied Statistics Vol. 27 (3) 2131.    INTRODUCTION214 Aitken C.G.G., Huang C.C.Evidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using … 2152.  DATA216 Aitken C.G.G., Huang C.C.Evidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using … 217Figure 1: Histogram of within-group distances.218 Aitken C.G.G., Huang C.C.Figure 2: Histogram of beetween-group distances.3. ESTIMATION OF THE LIKELIHOOD RATIO BASED ON DISTANCESEvidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using … 2193. 1  ESTIMATION DENSITY OF WITIN-GROUP DISTANCES220 Aitken C.G.G., Huang C.C.Figure 3: Histogram and kernel density estimate of distribution of within-group distances.3.2 ESTIMATION DENSITY OF BETWEEN-GROUP DISTANCESEvidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using … 221Figure 4: Histogram and kernel density estimate of distribution of between-groupdistances.3.3 LIKELIHOOD RATIO AND RESULTS222 Aitken C.G.G., Huang C.C. (−11,−9] (−9,−7] (−7,−5] (−5,−3] (−3,−2] (−2,−1]	               (−1, 0] (0, 5] (5, 10] (10, 20] (20, 30] (30, 40]	              Table 1: Likelihood ratios, expressed as logarithms to base 10, within certain intervals for279 within-source comparisons and 2496 between-source comparisons.4. CONCLUSIONSACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors are grateful to Professor l’\.D.K.Petraco for provision of the data onstriation marks from screwdrivers.Evidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using … 223REFERENCESAitken, C.G.G. and Lucy, D. (2004). Evaluation of trace evidence in the form of multivariate data.In Applied Statistics. 53: 109-122; with corri- gendum 665-666.Aitken, C.G.G. and Taroni,F. (2004). Statistics and the Eùaluation of Eùi- dence for ForensicScientists (2nd edition), John Viley & Sons Ltd., Chich- ester.Aitken, C.G.G. and Gold, E. (2013). Evidence evaluation for discrete data. In Forensic  ScienceInternational.  230:  147 - 155.Petraco, l’\.D.K., Shenkin, P., Speir, J., Diaczuk, P., Pizzola, P.A., Gam- bino, C. and Petraco, l’\.(2012). Addressing the l’\ational Academy of Sciences’ challenge: a method for statisticalpattern comparison of striated tool marks.  In Journal of Forensic Sciences.  57:  900 - 911.Silverman, B.V. (1986). Density Estimation, Chapman & Hall, London.

Evidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using a distance measure

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Evidence evaluation for hierarchical, longitudinal, binary data using a distance measure

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