Fruehwald, Josef

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     Edinburgh Research Explorer                                      Intra-segmental timing in sound change: /aw/ in PhiladelphiaCitation for published version:Fruehwald, J 2018, 'Intra-segmental timing in sound change: /aw/ in Philadelphia' LabPhon 16, Lisbon,Portugal, 19/06/18 - 22/06/18, .Link:Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research ExplorerDocument Version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordGeneral rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s)and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise andabide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.Take down policyThe University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorercontent complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright pleasecontact openaccess@ed.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately andinvestigate your claim.Download date: 30. Jun. 2018Intra-segmental timing in sound change /aw/ in Philadelphia  Josef Fruehwald  Intro MethodsResultsConclusionformant tracksvowel space trajectories/aw/ raising and frontingPhiladelphia1900---19501950---today/aw/ lowering and backing date of birth(Labov et al 2013)Assumes /aw/is a 2-part diphthong.  Only describes the movement of the "nucleus" of the diphthong. DataFAVE-extract Philadelphia Neighborhood Corpus19,517 tokens of pre-oral /aw/279 white speakersFormant TrajectoriesHave been investigated with generation as a categorical variable.Wholistic measures compared against continuous variables.With GAMs, it is possible to model trajectories against continuous variables.Jacewicz, Fox & Salmons (2011)Risdal & Kohn (2014)Wood (2006)outcome (F1)predictor (ms)predictor (dob)ModellingGeneralized additive models & tensor product smoothsdob: 1900 dob: 1920 dob: 1940 dob: 1960 dob: 1980formant: F2gender: womenformant: F1formant: F2gender: menformant: F15 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 201200150018002100600700800900100012501500500550600650700750measurement pointhzæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːæɪiːɑʊuːdob: 1900 dob: 1920 dob: 1940 dob: 1960 dob: 1980gender: womengender: men1000150020002500 1000150020002500 1000150020002500 1000150020002500 1000150020002500400600800400600800F2F1810121900 1925 1950 1975dobmeasurement pointwomenmen7007508008509001900 1925 1950 1975dobF1 (hz)womenmenmax F1 excursionfalling F2 & single F1 excursion at midpoint (diphthong?) Timing of F1 mamimum shifts diachronically Target of F1 maximum is more stable.F1 relative to F2Delayed F1 maximum keeps F2/F1 difference larger for longer.1900 1920 1940 1960 1980F1 (hz)measurement point-3.25 -2.80 -2.35 -3.25 -2.80 -2.35 -3.25 -2.80 -2.35 -3.25 -2.80 -2.35 -3.25 -2.80 -2.35700750800850101214log2(duration)womenmenThey interact with duration differently, over time Full formant tracks extractedSubsampled to 20 measurements per tokenPredictorsAll non-linear effects and interactions between- gender - date of birth- log2(duration) - measurement pointRandom intercepts Random smooths-speaker-word-measurement pointby speakerIt is not straightforward to characterize /aw/ as a 2 part diphthong in Philadelphia.Along with the shifts in vowel quality,there is a considerable shift in relative timingof vowel formant targets..This puts /aw/ in line with some consonantalphonetic changes, such as Scottish derhoticizationor Andalusian post-aspiration.Further directionsEvaluating and improving quality of automated full formant track extration.Incorporating more linguistic (nasals) andsocial  (education) factors into analysis.Are the F1 and F2 qualities used differentlufor linguistic or sociolinguistic perception?ReferencesJacewicz, E., Fox, R. A., & Salmons, J. (2011). Cross-generational vowel change in American English. Language Variation and Change, 23(1), 45–86. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394510000219Labov, W., & Rosenfelder, I. (2011). New tools and methods for very large scale measurements of very large corpora.Labov, W., Rosenfelder, I., & Fruehwald, J. (2013). One hundred years of sound change in Philadelphia: Linear Incrementaion, Reversal, and Reanalysis. Language, 89(1), 30–65.Lawson, E., Scobbie, J. M., & Stuart-Smith, J. (2015). The Role of Anterior Lingual Gesture Delay in Coda /r/ Lenition: An Ultrasound Tongue Imaging Study. In Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.Risdal, M. L., & Kohn, M. E. (2014). Ethnolectal and generational differences in vowel trajectories : Evidence from African American English and the Southern Vowel System, 20(2).Rosenfelder, I., Fruehwald, J., Evanini, K., Seyfarth, S., Gorman, K., Prichard, H., & Yuan, J. (2015). FAVE (Forced Alignment and Vowel Extraction) 1.2.2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.9846Ruch, H. (2013). Investigating a gradual metathesis: Production and perception of /s/ aspiration in Andalusian Spanish. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, 19(2), 171–180.Wood, S. N. (2006). Generalized additive models: an introduction with R. London: Chapman & Hall.

Intra-segmental timing in sound change: /aw/ in Philadelphia

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Intra-segmental timing in sound change: /aw/ in Philadelphia

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