Brehm, Laurel

Kim, Nayoun

Sturt, Patrick

Yoshida, Masaya

Edinburgh Research Explorer

     Edinburgh Research Explorer                                      How long can you hold the filler?Citation for published version:Kim, N, Brehm, L, Sturt, P & Yoshida, M 2018, 'How long can you hold the filler?' CUNY 2018, California,United States, 15/03/18 - 17/03/18, .Link:Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research ExplorerDocument Version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordGeneral rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s)and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise andabide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.Take down policyThe University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorercontent complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright pleasecontact openaccess@ed.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately andinvestigate your claim.Download date: 05. Jun. 2018How long can you hold the filler? Nayoun Kim1, Laurel Brehm2, Patrick Sturt3, Masaya Yoshida11Northwestern University, 2Max Planck Institute, 3University of Edinburgh OverviewExperiment 1: Coordinate StructureBackground- How much information about a filler is maintained in a WH-dependency?- Is there a difference between active maintenance and re-activation of a filler?- We present evidence that:: Fine-grained information about a filler is maintained across a dependency (c.f. Wagers & Phillips, 2014): The quality of this information is degraded when a filler is reactivated (Martin & McElree, 2008)Comprehenders activate the entire constituent corresponding to the WH phrase, not just the head/syntactic category.Comprehenders maintain information of a higher quality than theyreactivate.• We find that fillers can cause agreement attraction effects •This effect obtains when fillers are actively maintained, and when they are reactivated. • It is larger when they are actively maintained. • It is absent when the constituent is not a WH-filler.• These findings suggest that:•Comprehenders maintain relatively fine-grained information about fillers across dependencies (c.f. Wagers & Phillips, 2014). •Comprehenders access this information less reliably during retrieval (Martin & McElree, 2008).•Wh phrases hold some privileged status in memory.• Open Questions and future directions:•Does agreement attraction surface in even longer dependencies?•Why are WH phrases privileged relative to other constituents?Summary and ConclusionCindydiscloseswhich path to themonument/monumentsmustbecoveredwithprettyflowersandcurrentlyis/arelined withlovelytrees.Reading Time (ms)280300320340360380400420440460480Grammatical Singular Local NounGrammatical Plural Local NounCindydiscloseswhich path to themonument/monumentsmustbecoveredwithprettyflowersandcurrentlyis/arelined withlovelytrees.Reading Time (ms)250300350400450500Ungrammatical Singular Local NounUngrammatical Plural Local Noun*(1) “Reactivated" WhFGD formation- WhFGD and coordination structure where the the wh-filler islinked to the verb in the first conjunct, but the wh-phrase mustbe "reactivated" at the coordinating connective and.Which key to the cell/s can be used for front doors andunsurprisingly is/are used for two doors?Which key to the cell/cells that can be used for front doorsunsurprisingly is/are used for two doors?a.b. Which key to the cell/s can be used for front doors and unsurprisingly isused for two doors?c.d. Which key to the cell/s can be used for front doors and unsurprisingly areused for two doors?e.f. The key to the cell/s can be used for front doors and unsurprisingly is usedfor two doorsg.h. The key to the cell/s can be used for front doors and unsurprisingly areused for two doors.- The wh-V dependency is incomplete at the main verb (the second verbis/are), meaning the wh-phrase is linked to the main verb is/are directly.Experiment 2: Wh vs. TheA Self paced reading experiment (n=44) at Northwestern University.32 sets of target sentences, with four conditions balanced in a Latinsquare. A Self paced reading experiment (n=70) at Northwestern University.32 sets of target sentences, with four conditions balanced in a Latinsquare.Experiment 3: Reactivated vs. Active WhFGDa.b. Cindy discloses which path to the monument/s must be covered withpretty flowers and currently is lined with lovely trees. c.d. Cindy discloses which path to the monument/s must be covered with prettyflowers and currently are lined with lovely trees. We find reactivation with WH phrases, but not definite DPs, therefore reactivation can't be the whole storya.b. Which key to the cell/s can be used for front doors and unsurprisingly isused for two doors?c.d. Which key to the cell/s can be used for front doors and unsurprisingly areused for two doors?e.f. Which key to the cell/s that can be used for front doors unsurprisingly is used for two doors?g.h. Which key to the cell/s that can be used for front doors unsurprisingly areused for two doors?A Self paced reading experiment (n=76) at Northwestern University.n.s.(2) “Active" WhFGD formation• We know that fillers are actively maintained in memory (Stowe, 1986):•Ruth wondered who Robert would bring us home to __ at Christmas.• We also know that fine-grained information about fillers seems to rapidly decay(Wagers & Phillips, 2014):#The cats which the squirrels with the bushy black tails quickly crammedtheir small puffy cheeks with __ before scurrying out of the park...• Presumably, a filler must be reactivated in a coordinate structure due to the coordinate structure constraint (Ross 1967)•John wondered what Mary bought __ and sold __.• * John wondered what Mary bought __ and sold a shirt.• We further test how much information is actively maintained/reactivated using an agreement attraction paradigm (Wagers, Lau, & Phillips, 2009):*The key to the cabinet(s) are on the table.AcknowledgmentWe are grateful to Shayne Sloggett for invaluable feedback and comment. This researchwas supported in part by NSF grant awarded to Masaya Yoshida (NSF BCS: 1323245)and NSF DDRI Grant award (BCS 1749580 ) to Nayoun Kim (PI: Masaya Yoshida).Whichkey to thecell/cellscan beused forfront   doorsandunsurprisingly are used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Ungrammatical, Wh-phrase, SingularUngrammatical, Wh-phrase, PluralThekey to thecell/cellscan beused forfront   doorsandunsurprisingly are used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Ungramamtical, The, SingularUngrammatical, The, PluralWhichkey to thecell/cellscan beused forfront   doorsandunsurprisingly is used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Grammatical, Wh-phrase, SingularGrammatical, Wh-phrase, PluralThekey to thecell/cellscan beused forfront   doorsandunsurprisingly is used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Grammatical, The, PluralGrammatical, The, Singular* n.s.n.s.n.s.Whichkey to thecell/cellsthat can beused forfront   doorsunsurprisinglyis/are used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Ungrammatical, RC, SingularUngrammatical, RC,PluralWhichkey to thecell/cellscan beused forfront   doorsandunsurprisinglyis/are used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Ungrammatical, No RC, SingularUngrammatical, No RC, PluralWhichkey to thecell/cellsthat can beused forfront   doorsunsurprisinglyis/are used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Grammatical, RC, SingularGrammatical, RC, PluralWhichkey to thecell/cellscan beused forfront   doorsandunsurprisinglyis/are used fortwo  doors.Reading Times (Log)5.55.65.75.85.96.06.1Grammatical, No RC, SingularGrammatical, No RC, Plural* *n.s. n.s.

How long can you hold the filler?

https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/59001912/CUNY_2018_pdf2.pdf

How long can you hold the filler?

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Edinburgh Research Explorer