Akinsanmi, Oluwashina

Arnscheidt, Joerg

Coleman, H. M.

Murphy, Ciara

O’Sullivan, Hannah

Tretsiakova-McNally, Svetlana

English

For many years, there has been concern of the environmental consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals discharged to the aquatic environment. These include the natural oestrogens (17-oestradiol, oestrone, oestriol), synthetic oestrogen (17-ethynyloestradiol), testosterone and its metabolites which have been found to be the main oestrogenic and androgenic components of sewage effluent. These chemicals can enter the aquatic environment from contraceptive pill and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) residues. Biologically significant levels of these compounds have been found in water bodies and have been linked to adverse effects on wildlife and possibly human health. Consequently, the development of alternative treatment technologies to remove these compounds of concern is an important component of the management and delivery of potable water supplies.Adsorption processes are widely adopted for the removal of metals, dyes, and petrochemical products from water. However, production and regeneration costs of some adsorbents, e.g. activated carbon, remain high. Ligno-cellulosic waste materials such as sawdust, wheat straw and sugar cane bagasse are promising alternative bio-adsorbents. These materials are non-toxic, cheap, readily available and environmentally friendly. Results from this research showed that the ligno-cellulosic material sawdust is effective for the removal of the natural oestrogen (17-oestradiol) and the synthetic oestrogen (17-ethynloestradiol) in water. Operational parameters were investigated such as the effect of different pre-treatment methods, contact time, pH and temperature.<br/

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Removal of contraceptive pill and HRT residues from water using ligno-cellulosic materialsulster ac ukAim and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the removal of oestrogens from water usinglignocellulosic materials (namely sawdust).The objectives include: Investigate the effects of physical pre- treatment on sawdust  Investigate the effects of chemical pre-treatment on sawdust  Investigate the effect of initial mass of sawdust, reaction time, pH and temperature on the removal of E2 from water.Introduction• The presence of oestrogen residues in rivers and lakes has been a global concern for decades.• Residues of the contraceptive pill and hormone replacement therapy have been found in waste waters. 17β-oestradiol (E2)  17α-ethynyloestradiol (EE2)• These oestrogen residues disrupt the natural function of humans and wildlife and are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (WHO, 2018).• Lignocellulose is the woody material that gives plants their rigidity and structure and  comprises three main types of carbon-based polymer cellulose hemicellulose lignin• Benefits  readily available as a waste material economically feasible  environmentally friendly solution that has previously shown promising results (Sciban et al, 2006)Effect of physical pre-treatment of sawdustEffect of chemical pre-treatment of sawdustEffect of mass of adsorbent Effect of reaction timeEffect of pH Effect of temperatureSummary of resultsMethods1. Stock solution of E2 100mg/L made up and standards of E2 1-10mg/L to obtain calibration curve using fluorescence spectroscopy.2. Physical pre-treatment of sawdust by grinding the sawdust to 300-600 microns.3. Chemical pre-treatment of sawdust using salts and acids.4. Batch Tests with sawdust carried out to investigate the following parameters: Mass of adsorbent Time pH TemperaturePhysical pre-treatment Chemical pre-treatmentBlended Washed SievedBatch Tests (effect of mass, time, pH and temperature)Triplicate samples Filtered samples Analysed by fluorescence on orbital shaker spectroscopyConclusions Lignocellulose (sawdust) as a bio-adsorbent has shown to be effective in removing oestrogen residues from water. Physical and chemical pre-treatment of sawdust showed clear benefits in increasing the adsorption capacity.References• World Health Organization (2018) Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Available at: https://www.who.int/ceh/risks/cehemerging2/en/• Sciban, M., Klasnja, M. and Skrbic, B. (2006). Modified softwood sawdust as adsorbent of heavymetal ions from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials. B136, 266–271.Heather Coleman1, Hannah O’Sullivan1, Ciara Murphy1, Oluwashina Akinsanmi2, Joerg Arnscheidt2, Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally3(1) School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University (2) School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, UK(3) Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, UKCorresponding email: h.coleman@ulster.ac.ukStructure of 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent oestrogen. Residues of E2 are found in waste waters, reservoirs, rivers and lakes01020304050607080900 2 4 6 8 10 12 14% removal of E2 pH0204060801000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70% removal  of E2 Temperature (°C)01020304050607080901000 1 2 3 4 5 6% removal of E2Initial mass of adsorbent (g/100ml)Parameter Optimum conditionsPhysical Pre-treatment 300 micronsChemical Pre-treatment Salts- KClEffect of adsorbent concentration 5 grams/100mLsEffect of Reaction time 6 hoursEffect of pH 7Effect of Temperature 60° C Increases pore sizeDisrupts the lignin structureExposes more binding sites to increase the removal capacity of E2 from water 0102030405060708090100% removal of E2 Chemical Pre-treatment01020304050607080900 4 8 12 16 20 24% removal of E2 Reaction Time (hours)051015202530Coarse  600   500  400  300% removal of E2 Sawdust size (microns)

Removal of contraceptive pill and HRT residues from water using ligno-cellulosic material

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Removal of contraceptive pill and HRT residues from water using ligno-cellulosic material

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