This research used Short Story by Lindsay Buroker as the object material and Slang Word Formation by George Yule’s as a theory. This research aimed to analyze what is the slang word formation in Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story. This research used a qualitative research method. The result of the research shows that there are 11 data found, they are Coinage consists of 2 data, Compounding consists of 2 data, Blending consists of 3 data, Clipping consist of 1 data, Derivation consists of 2 data, and Multiple Process consist of 1 data. The most dominant of slang word formation is Blending. Blending is a combination of two separate word forms to make a single new word term

Hardianti, Hardianti

Masri, Fina Amalia

English

TERBITAN BERKALA ILMIAH ONLINE FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO

Elite-journal of english literatureVol.1 No.2, December 2018TABLE OF CONTENTThe Symbolic White Supremacy towards Native American inAvatar (2009) MovieBY: WA ODE ARIYANTI & ANSOR PUTRA41 - 48An Analysis of Figurative Language in Eleven Stories by LeoTolstoyBY: SELVI DALMAYANTI & ARMAN49 - 56An Analysis of Violation of Cooperative Principle in “AliceIn Wonderland” Movie ScriptBY: SERLIN & ELA MARTISA57 – 65An Analysis of Slang Word Formation in Ice Cracker Ii (TheEmperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story By Lindsay BurokerBY: HARDIANTI & FINA AMALIA MASRI66 – 73The Residual Patriarchy Ideology in “Moana” Disney Film ByRon Clements and John Musker (An Application of ElaineShowalter’s Feminist Criticism)BY: HARTINA. H74 – 81Vol.1, No.2, December 2018 ELITE JOURNAL ISSN 2503-3271 66  AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG WORD FORMATION  IN ICE CRACKER II (THE EMPEROR’S EDGE 1.5)  SHORT STORY BY LINDSAY BUROKER  HARDIANTI FINA AMALIA MASRI dhyanjk5@gmail.com    ABSTRACT This research used Short Story by Lindsay Buroker as the object material and Slang Word Formation by George Yule’s as a theory. This research aimed to analyze what is the slang word formation in Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story. This research used qualitative research method. The result of the research shows that there are 11 data found, they are Coinage consists of 2 data, Compounding consists of 2 data, Blending consists of 3 data, Clipping consist of 1 data, Derivation consists of 2 data, and Multiple Process consist of 1 data. The most dominant of slang word formation is Blending. Blending is combination of two separate word forms to make a single new word term.  Keywords: Sociolinguistic, Slang Word Formation, Short Story.   INTRODUCTION Human as social being, they are not life alone in the world without interaction with each other. Humans are instinctively motivated to associate with another human beings, either to their express, interests, or opinions for their own interests, group interests, and common interests. Language, society, and culture are three different things but they have relationship in human life. Culture is a system that regulates human interaction that regular human interaction in society that interaction used language as a system of tools in communication, it means that language behavior must be accompanied by norms that apply in the culture itself. A study about the relation between language and social factors is called sociolinguistic. Sociolinguistic concerned with investigation of the relationship between language and society with the goal of a better understanding of the structure in language and how is the language function in communication (Wardhaugh, 2006: 13). Sometimes the people used substandard language in certain situation to closer with one to another, such as slang. Slang is one of the substandard language composed of words and expressions are not used in a formal speech. Every language has more than one variation, especially in the spoken. As Yule (2010:239) stated that people may not only speak in one language but also the language to interaction with their group in daily life and every language has it is certain characteristics. The term of slang is often specific to a particular subculture and everyone uses different language Hardianti & Fina Amalia Masri: An Analysis of Slang Word Formation in Ice Cracker Ii (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story By Lindsay Buroker  67  variation to communicate with one to another because it can be flexible to be adapted with society. The use of slang words can be find in many varieties like short story. Lindsay Buroker’s short story “Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5)” as the object of this study is interest to be analyzed because the researcher suspected many slang word formation with imply activity of human in the short story. The researcher would apply the slang word formation because slang word formation is one of the theories to analyze a form of language that used in social life which is not follow the grammatical rules.  Based on the explanation above, the researcher interested in analyze about what is the slang word formation in Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) short story by Lindsay Buroker, would used George Yule’s theory. The significance in this research be following into two significances, there are Theoretical and Practical. Theoritical 1) This research is expect to be able to widen the skill of teachers in using slang word formation in order to improve student’s knowledge. 2) As reference to other researcher who want to study slang words more intensively in teaching. Practical 1) This research is expected to be used as an additional reference for further researchers who want to investigate the same topic. 2) A refference for teacher and students in teachong and learning. 3) The used of slang word formation to make the students are more enjoyable in doing their tasks and speaking in certain situation. Through the theory of slang word formation by Yule’s to described the slang word formation in Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) short story by Lindsay Buroker.   RESEARCH METHODOLOGY   The researcher applied the method of qualitative descriptive in this research because to describing the result of findings and to analyze data as well (David & Sutton, 2004:35). In this research, the qualitaive method used to facilitate the data that was analyzed and to respond the research question about what is the slang word formation described in Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) short story by Lindsay Buroker based on George Yule’s theory and used to answer object the reseacher used approximately ten slang word formation (Coinage, Borrowing, Compounding, Blending, Clipping, Backformation, Conversion, Acronym, Derivation, and Multiple Process) but from the ten formation, the researcher only focused on Coinage, Compounding, Blending, Clipping, Derivation, and Multiple Process analysis of this research.   Source of data are all information or subjects that should be collected  and chosen by the research. Based on the title of the research, the primary data taken from Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) short story by Lindsay Buroker.  The reseracher collect the data and described to see the slang word formation in short story and to answer the research question about “What is the slang word formation in Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story by Lindsay Buroker based on George Yule’s theory?”.   In collecting the data, the researcher would do the following steps: Downloading Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story by Lindsay Buroker, Reading and Checking, Underline the data, Re-reading and Re-checking, Coding, and Data Reduction.  Elite, Vol.1 No.2 December 2018 68    In the technique of data analysis, the researcher analyzed the data used qualitative method. This method would be intended to found out the word or utterance based on the slang word formation by George Yule’s theory. The analysis of slang word formation applied on the entire sample as follows: Presenting the Data, Describing the data, interpreting the data, and concluding the data.   DISCUSSION The researcher provides the explanation of the findings of the study comprehensively. There are some kinds of slang word formation by Yule’s theory are found in Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) short story by Lindsay Buroker. There are Coinage, Blending, Compounding, Clipping, Derivation, and Multiple Process.   Coinage Coinage is words may also be created without using any of the methods described above and without employing any other word or word parts already in existance. As Yule (2006: 53-54) stated that coinage is an entirely new term or new word which from an old word changed to a new meaning word. It means that coinage forms a slang by creating new terms from existing word. It can be seen by the following data in bellow:   No. Slang Word Formation Standard  Slang 1. Eyebrows arched, she turned toward her comrade. As always, an unreadable expression marked Sicarius’s cool, angular face. He wore black from soft boots to fitted trousers to parka, the monochromatic attire broken only his armory of daggers and throwing knives. (p, 1). Cool is low temperature (Cambrige Advanced Learner’s Dictionary). Cool is unruffled; relaxed (Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial Expressions).  Based on the data above, it describes how the appearance and attitude of Sicarus, used the word of cool. Cool is slang word formation that categorized as coinage. Coinage is an entirely new term or new word which from an old word changed to a new meaning word. In general meaning, cool means low temperatureas, something between warm and cold. But Amaranthe used it to describe expression Sicarus unruffled; relaxed or calm in which have quickly become everyday words in the language.   Hardianti & Fina Amalia Masri: An Analysis of Slang Word Formation in Ice Cracker Ii (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story By Lindsay Buroker  69  Compounding Compounding is two or more words joined together to form a new word. As Yule (2006: 55) stated that the combination of the words can be from some categories. It can be seen by the following data in bellow:  No. Slang Word Formation Standard Slang 3. “This is good. Nobody’s around.” The men slowed. “Get your sword out. We’ll—” “Are you really intending to risk your careers for a chance at my meager 10,000-ranmya bounty?” Amaranthe asked, hoping a little chitchat might distract them (p, 64). Chit: Old fashioned dissaproving a young and silly girll. Chat: to talk someone in a friendly (Cambrige Advanced Learner’s Dictionary). Chitchat is relaxed and idle conversation (Barbara Ann Kipfer and Robert L. Chapman-Dictionary of American Slang-HarperCollins (2007)   Based on the data above, the sergeant checked the situation arround to make sure no one else in there, just Amaranthe and them. But, Amarnthe tried to divert their attention by inviting them to speak. She hopes that the conversation can change their intentions.  Chitchat is slang word formation that categorized as compounding. Chitchat from of chit and chat, it means that about matters that are not important. In slang, Chitchat is relaxed and idle conversation. In addition, compounding is the joining of two separate words (Chit + chat) to produce a single word (Chitchat).  Blending Blending is combination of two separate word forms to make a single new word term. It means that the combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term. As Yule (2006:55-56) stated that the combination of two words into one word, it is usually the first part of one word with the last part of another words. It can be seen by the following data in bellow:  No. Slang Word Formation Standard Slang 5.  “How’re we going to do this?” one of her escorts asked, voice low. “We’ll split it. Gotta make it look like she tried to escape.” (p, 64). Got  to.  Gotta. Elite, Vol.1 No.2 December 2018 70   Based on the above data, it is conversation the soldier wants to bring Amaranthe in a dark place and they want to kill her. They will divide the prize equally, the Emperors Edge rule that anyone who can kill and bring Amaranthe’s head will get a bounty, 10,000-ranmya. They want to kill her look like she tried to escape.  The soldier used Gotta. The general meaning of Gotta is got to, it is a slang word formation that categorized as blending, because it is combination of two separate word forms to make a single new term. Gotta is formed through the process of change off the end of the word t(o) with t(a) then combine word (got) at the beginning of term (ta) then produce it into a single new word (Gotta). Thus, blending was applied to this word.   Clipping  Clipping is the formation of a new word when word consists of more than one syllable reduced to a shorter form. As Yule (2006:56) stated that clipping refers to the shortening of the polysyllabic word into a shorter form which usually consists of one syllable only. In addition, the people usually use the longer term if the situation is more formal and the shorter term if the situation is more informal.  No. Slang Word Formation Standard Slang 8.  “This is the friend from school I told you about, Da, and—” “Sicarius!” The old soldier’s eyes widened. His hand went for a pistol, and a throwing knife appeared in Sicarius’s hand. Amaranthe lunged in front of Sicarius even as Nelli blocked her father. “He’s here to help, Da. They both are.” (p, 7). Daddy Da is child word for father.  Based on the data above, Nelli introduced Amaranthe to her father but her father was shocked when he saw Amaranthe with Sicarus. He immediately took a pistol, and a throwing knife appeared in Sicarius’s hand. Amaranthe lunged in front of Sicarius while Nelli blocked her father. Nelli tried to explain to her father that they had come to help resolve the problem at The Frozen Water Trade not to disturb or to her. The word of Da is slang word formation that categorized as clipping, because Da is abrreviation from daddy. Nelli used the word of Da when called her father. As Yule explained that clipping is when a word of more than one syllable (Daddy) is reduced to a shorter form (Da). In Hardianti & Fina Amalia Masri: An Analysis of Slang Word Formation in Ice Cracker Ii (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story By Lindsay Buroker  71  addition, clipping made by deleting of some parts of longer word become a shorter form in the same meaning. It means that the word which commonly used can be clipped into shorter form.   Derivation Derivation is a process which forms a word by adding an affix and has the distinct meaning. As Yule explained that derivation (2006: 55-59) is the forming of new words by combining derivational affixes or bound bases with existing words Derivation is also known as affixation.  No. Slang Word Formation Standard Slang 9. " Assassinly?"  " You know, skulk under the docks to the ship, climb the dark, hull without so much as a rope, slip unnoticed onto the deck, ghost through the shadows without a sound, and surprise the enemy in the act. "Amaranthe quirked a smile at him. "Isn't that your usual method?"  " I might use a rope," he said mildly. (p, 59). Mild + ly. Mild is describe weather that is not very cold as usual. Mildly is not violent, severe, or extreme.  Based on the data above, Sicarus and Amaranthe made plans to enter the ship in search of Kendorians who killed a man but Sicarus refused to do. However, Amaranthe continues to persuade and finally he want to do it, they try to sneak unnoticed. Mildly is slang word formation that categorized as Derivation. Mildly is Derivation is a process of creating a new word from scratch which is the least common processes of word formation that is the invention of totally new terms, which can possibly come from the old to the new uses. In general meaning mild is slightly.  Multiple Process Multiple process is the word may be constructed by more than one word formation processes. As Yule (2006: 60) stated that multiple processes are possible to trace the operation of more than one process at work in the creation of a particular word It can be seen by the following data in bellow:    Elite, Vol.1 No.2 December 2018 72    No. Slang Word Formation Standard Slang 11. “It’s snowing and dark. I’m not running five miles to the fort. I just thought I’d try to help you boys out. It looks like someone inimical is around causing trouble.” Amaranthe turned to walk away, but a hand clamped onto her shoulder (p, 61). Because + ing Causing = Cause + ing is for the reason.   Based on the above data, Amaranthe reports to privates that standing guard at the base of gangplank that two soldiers were murdered on the trail and there was a dead Kendorian, too. But she was told to report that to someone at Fort Urgot. Amaranthe responded with "It looks like someone like this is around causing trouble." He tried to explain the cause of all this. The word of causing is slang word formation, causing is abbreviation of because and suffix -ing, it is slang word formation that categorized as multiple process because it is combining two types of slang word formation are clipping and derivation. Multiple process is happen when some new words made through more than one word formation. Causing is substituting one non-morphemic segments for another. It means that clipping and derivation are applied to this words since it was created by combining two separate words, afterwards substituting one non-morphemic segments for another.    CONCLUSION After analyzing the finding and discussing of Slang Word Formation in “Ice Cracker II (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5)” Short Story by Lindsay Buroker used descriptive qualitative method, there are 11 data that found, they are Coinage consist of 2 data, Compounding consists of 2 data, Blending consists of 3 data, Clipping consist of 1 data, Derivation consists of 2 data, and Multiple Process consist of 1 data. But the researcher give each one data from the slang word formation. The most dominant of slang word formation is Blending. Blending is the combination of two separate word forms to make a single new word term.    REFERENCES  Alwasilah, Chaedar. (1994). Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta. Hardianti & Fina Amalia Masri: An Analysis of Slang Word Formation in Ice Cracker Ii (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story By Lindsay Buroker  73  Drake, G. F. (1980). The Social Role of Slang. Science Direct , 63-70. Matthew David & Carole D Sutton. (2004). Social Research: The Basics. London: Sage Publication. Purwati, Eni. (1995). Description of American Slang Found in Some Books, Novels, and Films. Sanata Dharma University: Yogyakarta. H.P, A., & Alek, A. (2012). Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Erlangga. Holmes, J. (1997). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman. Holmes, J. (2001). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman. Hudson, R. (1980). Society and Language Use. London: John Benjamins Publishing. Lestari, A. (2016). A Study of Slang Words in Song Lyrics Used by Bruno Mars. Surabaya: Digital Library. Moleong, L. J. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Partridge, E. (1971). Slang To-Day and Yesterday. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Reves, H. F. (1926). What Is Slang?: A Survey of Opinion. JSTOR , 216-220. Sanap, S. K. (2014). Word Formation Processes in English:Some Underlying Principles. ‘Research Journey’ International Multidisciplinary E-ResearchJournal , 36-41. Saussure, F. d. (1959). Course in General Linguistics. New York: The Philosophycal Library. Sornig. (1981). Lixical Innovation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins B.V. Trudgill, P. (2006). The Handbook of Language Variation and change. USA: Blackwell Publishing. Wardhaugh, Ronald. (1992). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Blackwell Publishing. Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Blackwell Publishing.  Yule, George. (2006). The study of language (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. Yule, George. (2010). The study of language (4th ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.  

An Analysis of Slang Word Formation in Ice Cracker Ii (The Emperor’s Edge 1.5) Short Story by Lindsay Buroker

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AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG WORD FORMATION IN ICE CRACKER II (THE EMPEROR’S EDGE 1.5) SHORT STORY BY LINDSAY BUROKER

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TERBITAN BERKALA ILMIAH ONLINE FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO