This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications articles: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1679/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.e15121/full This publication is linked to the following EFSA Journal article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5778/fullPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Aggett, Peter

Castenmiller, Jacqueline

De Henauw, Stefaan

de Sesmaisons-Lecarre, Agnes

Fairweather-Tait, Susan

Hirsch-Ernst, Karen-Ildico

Kearney, John

Knutsen, Helle Katrine

Maciuk, Alexandre

Mangelsdorf, Inge

Martin, Ambroise

McArdle, Harry J.

Naska, Androniki

Panel Nutr Novel Foods Food A, EFSA

Pelaez, Carmen

Pentieva, Kristina

Przyrembel, Hildegard

Siani, Alfonso

Thies, Frank

Tsabouri, Sophia

Turck, Dominique

Vinceti, Marco

EFSA Journal

English

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) has derived dietary reference values (DRVs) for chloride. There are no appropriate biomarkers of chloride status, no balance studies and no adequate evidence on the relationship between chloride intake and health outcomes that can be used to set DRVs for chloride. There is a close relationship between sodium and chloride balances in the body. Sodium chloride is the main source of both electrolytes in European diets and similar urinary excretion levels of sodium and chloride (on a molar basis) are typically observed in Western populations. Hence, the Panel considered that reference values for chloride can be set at values equimolar to the reference values for sodium for all population groups, and are as follows: 1.7 g/day for children aged 1-3 years, 2.0 g/day for children aged 4-6 years, 2.6 g/day for children aged 7-10 years, 3.1 g/day for children aged 11-17 years and 3.1 g/day for adults including pregnant and lactating women. Consistent with the reference values for sodium, these levels of chloride intake are considered to be safe and adequate for the general EU population, under the consideration that the main dietary source of chloride intake is sodium chloride. For infants aged 7-11 months, an adequate intake of 0.3 g/day is set. (C) 2019 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Dietary reference values for chloride

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel&nbsp;on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) has derived dietary reference values (DRVs) for chloride. There are no appropriate biomarkers of chloride status, no balance studies and no adequate evidence on the relationship between chloride intake and health outcomes that can be used to set DRVs for chloride. There is a close relationship between sodium and chloride balances in the body. Sodium chloride is the main source of both electrolytes in European diets and similar urinary excretion levels of sodium and chloride (on a molar basis) are typically observed in Western populations. Hence, the Panel&nbsp;considered that reference values for chloride can be set at values equimolar to the reference values for sodium for all population groups, and are as follows: 1.7&nbsp;g/day for children aged 1–3&nbsp;years, 2.0&nbsp;g/day for children aged 4–6&nbsp;years, 2.6&nbsp;g/day for children aged 7–10&nbsp;years, 3.1&nbsp;g/day for children aged 11–17&nbsp;years and 3.1&nbsp;g/day for adults including pregnant and lactating women. Consistent with the reference values for sodium, these levels of chloride intake are considered to be safe and adequate for the general EU population, under the consideration that the main dietary source of chloride intake is sodium chloride. For infants aged 7–11&nbsp;months, an adequate intake of 0.3&nbsp;g/day is set

Turck D.

Castenmiller J.

de Henauw S.

Hirsch-Ernst K. -I.

Kearney J.

Knutsen H. K.

Maciuk A.

Mangelsdorf I.

McArdle H. J.

Pelaez C.

Pentieva K.

Siani A.

Thies F.

Tsabouri S.

Vinceti M.

Aggett P.

Fairweather-Tait S.

Martin A.

Przyrembel H.

de Sesmaisons-Lecarre A.

Naska A.

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia

This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications articles: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1679/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.e15121/full This publication is linked to the following EFSA Journal article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5778/fullPeer reviewe

EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA)

Aberdeen University Research

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) has derived dietary reference values (DRVs) for chloride. There are no appropriate biomarkers of chloride status, no balance studies and no adequate evidence on the relationship between chloride intake and health outcomes that can be used to set DRVs for chloride. There is a close relationship between sodium and chloride balances in the body. Sodium chloride is the main source of both electrolytes in European diets and similar urinary excretion levels of sodium and chloride (on a molar basis) are typically observed in Western populations. Hence, the Panel considered that reference values for chloride can be set at values equimolar to the reference values for sodium for all population groups, and are as follows: 1.7 g/day for children aged 1–3 years, 2.0 g/day for children aged 4–6 years, 2.6 g/day for children aged 7–10 years, 3.1 g/day for children aged 11–17 years and 3.1 g/day for adults including pregnant and lactating women. Consistent with the reference values for sodium, these levels of chloride intake are considered to be safe and adequate for the general EU population, under the consideration that the main dietary source of chloride intake is sodium chloride. For infants aged 7–11 months, an adequate intake of 0.3 g/day is set

Castenmiller, J

Hirsch‐Ernst, Karen‐Ildico

Maciuk, A

Pelaez, C

Pentieva, K.

Tsabouri, S

Fairweather‐Tait, Susan

Ulster University's Research Portal

https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/2164/14817/1/j.efsa.2019.5779.pdf

Dietary reference values for chloride

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Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia

Aberdeen University Research

Ulster University's Research Portal