This preliminary experiment does not answer all of the questions that are presented about manganese and iodine requirements. It can only be taken to indicate that for a typical situation with a typical ration of the type that many poultry producers use, there was no satisfactory evidence that egg production, hatchability and the viability of the hens was limited by manganese and iodine in the ration

Mussehl, F. E.

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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Circulars of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Extension 1943 Effect of Manganese and Iodine Additions in a Specific Ration for Laying Hens F. E. Mussehl Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/hcnaes  Part of the Agricultural Economics Commons, and the Poultry or Avian Science Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Extension at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Circulars of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Effect of Manganese and Iodi11e Additions in a Specific Ration for Laying Hens Circular 76 The AgriculturalExperiment Station of the University of Nebraska Collegeof AgricultureW. W. Burr, Director, Lincoln, NebraskaEffect of Manganeseand Iodine Additions in a Specific Rationfor Laying Hens By F. E . Mussehl THE importance of certain trace elements in ration s for poultry is recognized . The necessity of adding these elements, how-ever, probably depends upon the type of ration which is used in a partic ula r r egion. Feeds tuff s which are grow n in different sec-tion s of the country ma y also differ in chemical comp osition, and the possibili ty exists that production and health may be limited by a deficiency of certain trace elements . Th e trace eleme nt s which were studied in these experiments were manganese and iod in e . A repr ese ntative mash formu la, identified as 8-S , was u sed as the basi s of feeding practice. Thi s mash was fed with grain mixture No. 211, also identified in Table 1. The feeding practice consisted of the use of equal parts of mash and grain with access during the fall and spring month s to green feed and soil in the yards. Durin g the early spring months, green wheat was available , and this feedstuff grown on relatively fertile soil ma y have been a good source of th e two trace elements under consideration. T ABLE 1.-Representative mash formula and gra in mixture used in this experiment as basis of typ i cal ration. Mash Formula No. Lb s. Yellow cornmeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Shorts .......... ... ................................. 20 Bra n ....................................... ........... 10 Pul ve riz ed oats . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .... ... .. 10 Alfalfa meal (No. 1 quality) ........ 10 Meat scraps (50% prot ein)... ....... 5 Sardine meal (68 % + protein).. .. 5 Soybean oil meal.. .......................... 5 Lim estone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 2 Fine salt ............................................ 1 100 Grain Mixture No. 211 Lbs. Whol e yellow corn .......................... 50 Wheat .............................................. 25 Barl ey .............................................. 25 100 * From November 1st to April 1st- I % fish oil added to ma sh . Th e general plan of the experiment was to ap pro ach the condi-tion s which obtain on a typi cal Great Plains area gene ral farm where corn, wheat , oats , barle y, alfalfa and green feed during the growi ng season are considered the basic poultry feedstuffs. Two hundred fifty Leghorn pullets of comparab le breeding and ph ysical quality were put in each one of three lots. The experi-ment started September 1, and was continued to Jun e 1, making .J a period of nine months. The control lot AB received the ration, as indicated, w ithout any add itions. Lot CD received in addition four ounces of manganese sulphate per 1000 pounds of mash, and Lot EF received manganese sulphate at the same levels as was provided for Lot CD with the addition of two parts of stabilized potassium iod ide per million parts of mash, this being the amount recommended by most research workers. Management practices were aimed to be similar to those which would be followed on a typical poultry farm or general farm, ex-cept that all birds were trapnested for the experimental period. A representative number of eggs from each lot were weighed during the months of January, February, and March, and a repre-sentative sample of eggs from each lot was also hatched. A sum-mar y of egg production , egg size , hatchability, mortalit y, and birds culled, is given in Table 2. Birds were culled when they were obviously in a condition which would make their presence a hazard to the remainder of the flock, this being in conformity with recommendations made to poultry producers who maintain flocks for market egg production. TABLE 2.-Production and Hatchability Data. No. hens to start Variable Production average per hen .... (Hen day basis for 270 days) Deaths ............. ..................... ......... . Culled ............ ......... ...................... . No. eggs set (Feb. & March) .. .. No. chicks hatched ............... .... . No eggs weighed .. . . . . ............. .. (Jan., Feb., March) Pen AB Pen CD 250 250 No. additions 143 16 24 2592 1719 1871 Mn 143 15 26 3126 2166 1973 PenEF 250 Mn+ I 146.3 18 24 3404 2121 1901 Percentage hatch (all eggs set) 66.31 ± 4.50 69.28 4.40 62.30 4.45 ------- ------ - --Average weight (gms.) ...... 57.3 0.09 57.2 ± 0.07 57.3 ± 0.06 Conclu sion s This preliminary experiment does not answer all of the ques -tions that are presented about manganese and iodine require -ments. It can only be taken to indicate that for a typical situation with a typical ration of the type that many poultry producers use , there was no satisfactory evidence that egg production, hatchab ility and the viability of the hens was limited by manga-nese and iodine in the ration. The cost of manganese and iodine additions, however, is not great, and there is occasionally a possi bility that the inclusion of these trace elements at the levels used in these experiments is desirab le. With oth er base rations contain ing less manganese and iodine, the necessity for their additions may be greater . Fish meal, meat scraps and alfalfa meal are all good sources of manganese , and fish meal of the type used in our ration is an excellent source of iodine. Under average conditions, the cost of adding four ounces of manganese sulphate per ton of ration, which is the usual recom -mendation, should not exceed three cents per ton. The cost of add ing two parts of potassium iodide per -million pounds of mash should not exceed one-fourth of a cent per ton of mash. The in -clusion of these ingredients, the r efore, at the levels sometimes recommended as a safeguard, will not justify an increase in cost of more th an one-fifth of a cent per 100 pound sack of mash. Refere nces 1. Branion, H. D. Minerals in poultry nutrition. Sci. Agr. 18: 5, 2. Mit chell, H. H. and F. J . McClure. Mineral nutrition of far m ,) animals. Bull etin No. 99, National Research Council, 1937. 3. Griem, W. B., E. B. H art, J . W. Kalkus and H. Welch. Iodine-Its necessity and stabilizat ion. Circular No. 111, Nationa l Research Council, 1942. 

Effect of Manganese and Iodine Additions in a Specific Ration for Laying Hens

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Effect of Manganese and Iodine Additions in a Specific Ration for Laying Hens

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