Kaufman, Jim

Louzoun, Yoram

Maiers, Martin

Mehr, Ramit

Raghavan, Malini

PubMed

Edinburgh Research Explorer

     Edinburgh Research Explorer                                      Editorial: HLA and KIR diversity and polymorphismsCitation for published version:Maiers, M, Mehr, R, Raghavan, M, Kaufman, J & Louzoun, Y 2021, 'Editorial: HLA and KIR diversity andpolymorphisms: Emerging concepts', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 12, 701398.https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.701398Digital Object Identifier (DOI):10.3389/fimmu.2021.701398Link:Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research ExplorerDocument Version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublished In:Frontiers in ImmunologyGeneral rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s)and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise andabide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.Take down policyThe University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorercontent complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright pleasecontact openaccess@ed.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately andinvestigate your claim.Download date: 25. Apr. 2022Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.Edited and reviewed by:Antoine Toubert,Université Paris Diderot, France*Correspondence:Martin Maiersmmaiers@nmdp.orgYoram Louzounlouzouy@math.biu.ac.ilSpecialty section:This article was submitted toAlloimmunity and Transplantation,a section of the journalFrontiers in ImmunologyReceived: 27 April 2021Accepted: 30 April 2021Published: 17 May 2021Citation:Maiers M, Mehr R, Raghavan M,Kaufman J and Louzoun Y (2021)Editorial: HLA and KIR Diversity andPolymorphisms: Emerging Concepts.Front. Immunol. 12.701398.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701398EDITORIALpublished: 17 May 2021doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701398Editorial: HLA and KIR Diversity andPolymorphisms: Emerging ConceptsMartin Maiers1*, Ramit Mehr2, Malini Raghavan3, Jim Kaufman4,5 and Yoram Louzoun2*1 National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2 Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University,Ramat Gan, Israel, 3 Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 4 Department of Pathology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 5 Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University ofEdinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomKeywords: HLA, KIR, diversity, immunogenetics, polymorphism SIP- Society for Immune PolymorphismEditorial on the Research TopicHLA and KIR Diversity and Polymorphisms: Emerging ConceptsPolymorphisms of immune system genes, including Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) and theKiller Ig-Like Receptors (KIR), offer limitless depths of complexity. Jean Dausset, who shared theNobel Prize in 1980 for the discovery of the HLA system, when presented with new results showingthe role of specific amino acid polymorphisms on the function of HLA, responded enthusiasticallythat “we need to go further and study HLA at the atomic level”.The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and KIR genetic loci are strongly associatedwith the outcomes of infectious diseases, cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases,reproduction, and transplantation. Recent advances in characterizing HLA and KIR diversity inhuman populations have led to translational impacts for bone marrow and solid organtransplant matching.There is currently robust discussion on the origins of HLA, MHC and KIR polymorphisms inhumans, primates and other mammals, but limited information about the effects of thepolymorphisms on interactions mediated by HLA and KIR. While both the HLA and KIRimmune genes regions have been independently associated with diseases and their outcomes, theinteractions between those regions has had limited attention. This Research Topic was conceived toappeal to researchers that have found their way, via different paths, to the crossroads of thepolymorphisms and population dynamics of a particular immune sub-system with the recognitionthat, to progress in our understanding, we also need to establish a form of systems immunology tostudy the interaction of various polymorphic components.There are established studies that focus on each of these areas: HLA, T cells, B cells, NK cells andtheir receptors. We are interested in the intersection: what emerges in combination at the synapsesof specific molecules in the context of the entire organism or population.The resulting Research Topic is 15 papers, 14 of which primarily focus on only one of the systemsin humans and primates, and provide important insights into receptor repertoire diversity,diversification mechanisms, haplotypes, expression, sequencing, donor matching, peptiderepertoires, and disease linkages among:-KIR and other NK receptors (Solloch et al.; Alicata et al.; Roe, Vierra-Green et al.; Roe, Williamset al.; Roe and Kuang; Bruijnesteijn et al.; Cisneros et al.; Cubero et al.)org May 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 7013981Maiers et al. Editorial: Immune Polymorphism-HLA/MHC (Yamamoto et al.; Kavadichanda et al.; Nuneset al.; Kaufman)-MICA/B (Klussmeier et al.)-Immunoglobulin heavy chains (Rodriguez et al.)Alas only one study explicitly focused on the interaction ofHLA and KIR (Vargas et al.).The studies presented in these articles have implications forunderstanding disease risk, outcomes and pathogenicmechanisms, host defense outcomes, gene classification andnomenclature, and transplantation. The studies also identifya gap - the need for new ways to bring together researchersin adjacent areas studying genetic polymorphism inthe different branches of the immune system and to exposethem to the various challenges, methods and advances in eachsub-field.To that end, we have developed a charter for a new Society forImmune Polymorphism - SIP. We envision this society as aninternational membership organization of scientists dedicated tounderstanding genetic and functional variations in the vertebrateimmune system, and the vertebrate immune system’s role inhealth, disease, and evolutionary biology.Our goal is to promote increased collaboration, engagementand sharing of domain knowledge between scientists focused onany aspects of immune-related genomics through thefollowing activities• to provide a forum for basic science, and clinical, industrial,and educational applicat ions related to immunepolymorphism.• to share and disseminate research findings related to immunepolymorphism.• to assist in the integration of immune polymorphism-relateddata resources.Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org 2• to promote the development of secure open-source, cloud-based technologies that advance the analysis, collection,exchange, and storage of immune-related genomic data.The goals of SIP are not to replace any of the societies interestingin a specific aspect of immune polymorphisms, but rather to allowfor fruitful collaborations between practitioners and researchers inthe different domains.We have organized twoworkshops in RamatGan, Israel (Mar, 2018 https://louzouy.wixsite.com/hlakir2018/)and in New Orleans (Oct, 2019 https://immunepolymorphism.tulane.edu/). A plan for this type of article collection was conceivedat the first workshop.We plan to continue towork together in theseefforts and welcome broad participation from a diverse group ofresearchers around the globe.The society is still in its initial stages, further details about thesociety, its goals, and possible collaborations between SIP andother societies can be obtained from the corresponding authorsor the website: immunepolymorphismsociety.org.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSMM drafted the original. YL, JK, MR, and RM providedcomments and feedback. All authors contributed to the articleand approved the submitted version.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in theabsence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as apotential conflict of interest.Copyright © 2021 Maiers, Mehr, Raghavan, Kaufman and Louzoun. This is anopen-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in otherforums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s)are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordancewith accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permittedwhich does not comply with these terms.May 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 701398

English

Editorial: HLA and KIR diversity and polymorphisms:Emerging concepts

Apollo (Cambridge)

Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.Edited and reviewed by:Antoine Toubert,Université Paris Diderot, France*Correspondence:Martin Maiersmmaiers@nmdp.orgYoram Louzounlouzouy@math.biu.ac.ilSpecialty section:This article was submitted toAlloimmunity and Transplantation,a section of the journalFrontiers in ImmunologyReceived: 27 April 2021Accepted: 30 April 2021Published: 17 May 2021Citation:Maiers M, Mehr R, Raghavan M,Kaufman J and Louzoun Y (2021)Editorial: HLA and KIR Diversity andPolymorphisms: Emerging Concepts.Front. Immunol. 12.701398.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701398EDITORIALpublished: 17 May 2021doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701398Editorial: HLA and KIR Diversity andPolymorphisms: Emerging ConceptsMartin Maiers1*, Ramit Mehr2, Malini Raghavan3, Jim Kaufman4,5 and Yoram Louzoun2*1 National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2 Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University,Ramat Gan, Israel, 3 Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 4 Department of Pathology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 5 Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University ofEdinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomKeywords: HLA, KIR, diversity, immunogenetics, polymorphism SIP- Society for Immune PolymorphismEditorial on the Research TopicHLA and KIR Diversity and Polymorphisms: Emerging ConceptsPolymorphisms of immune system genes, including Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) and theKiller Ig-Like Receptors (KIR), offer limitless depths of complexity. Jean Dausset, who shared theNobel Prize in 1980 for the discovery of the HLA system, when presented with new results showingthe role of specific amino acid polymorphisms on the function of HLA, responded enthusiasticallythat “we need to go further and study HLA at the atomic level”.The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and KIR genetic loci are strongly associatedwith the outcomes of infectious diseases, cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases,reproduction, and transplantation. Recent advances in characterizing HLA and KIR diversity inhuman populations have led to translational impacts for bone marrow and solid organtransplant matching.There is currently robust discussion on the origins of HLA, MHC and KIR polymorphisms inhumans, primates and other mammals, but limited information about the effects of thepolymorphisms on interactions mediated by HLA and KIR. While both the HLA and KIRimmune genes regions have been independently associated with diseases and their outcomes, theinteractions between those regions has had limited attention. This Research Topic was conceived toappeal to researchers that have found their way, via different paths, to the crossroads of thepolymorphisms and population dynamics of a particular immune sub-system with the recognitionthat, to progress in our understanding, we also need to establish a form of systems immunology tostudy the interaction of various polymorphic components.There are established studies that focus on each of these areas: HLA, T cells, B cells, NK cells andtheir receptors. We are interested in the intersection: what emerges in combination at the synapsesof specific molecules in the context of the entire organism or population.The resulting Research Topic is 15 papers, 14 of which primarily focus on only one of the systemsin humans and primates, and provide important insights into receptor repertoire diversity,diversification mechanisms, haplotypes, expression, sequencing, donor matching, peptiderepertoires, and disease linkages among:-KIR and other NK receptors (Solloch et al.; Alicata et al.; Roe, Vierra-Green et al.; Roe, Williamset al.; Roe and Kuang; Bruijnesteijn et al.; Cisneros et al.; Cubero et al.)org May 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 7013981Maiers et al. Editorial: Immune Polymorphism-HLA/MHC (Yamamoto et al.; Kavadichanda et al.; Nuneset al.; Kaufman)-MICA/B (Klussmeier et al.)-Immunoglobulin heavy chains (Rodriguez et al.)Alas only one study explicitly focused on the interaction ofHLA and KIR (Vargas et al.).The studies presented in these articles have implications forunderstanding disease risk, outcomes and pathogenicmechanisms, host defense outcomes, gene classification andnomenclature, and transplantation. The studies also identifya gap - the need for new ways to bring together researchersin adjacent areas studying genetic polymorphism inthe different branches of the immune system and to exposethem to the various challenges, methods and advances in eachsub-field.To that end, we have developed a charter for a new Society forImmune Polymorphism - SIP. We envision this society as aninternational membership organization of scientists dedicated tounderstanding genetic and functional variations in the vertebrateimmune system, and the vertebrate immune system’s role inhealth, disease, and evolutionary biology.Our goal is to promote increased collaboration, engagementand sharing of domain knowledge between scientists focused onany aspects of immune-related genomics through thefollowing activities• to provide a forum for basic science, and clinical, industrial,and educational applicat ions related to immunepolymorphism.• to share and disseminate research findings related to immunepolymorphism.• to assist in the integration of immune polymorphism-relateddata resources.Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org 2• to promote the development of secure open-source, cloud-based technologies that advance the analysis, collection,exchange, and storage of immune-related genomic data.The goals of SIP are not to replace any of the societies interestingin a specific aspect of immune polymorphisms, but rather to allowfor fruitful collaborations between practitioners and researchers inthe different domains.We have organized twoworkshops in RamatGan, Israel (Mar, 2018 https://louzouy.wixsite.com/hlakir2018/)and in New Orleans (Oct, 2019 https://immunepolymorphism.tulane.edu/). A plan for this type of article collection was conceivedat the first workshop.We plan to continue towork together in theseefforts and welcome broad participation from a diverse group ofresearchers around the globe.The society is still in its initial stages, further details about thesociety, its goals, and possible collaborations between SIP andother societies can be obtained from the corresponding authorsor the website: immunepolymorphismsociety.org.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSMM drafted the original. YL, JK, MR, and RM providedcomments and feedback. All authors contributed to the articleand approved the submitted version.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in theabsence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as apotential conflict of interest.Copyright © 2021 Maiers, Mehr, Raghavan, Kaufman and Louzoun. This is anopen-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in otherforums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s)are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordancewith accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permittedwhich does not comply with these terms.May 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 701398

Editorial: HLA and KIR Diversity and Polymorphisms: Emerging Concepts.

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Editorial: HLA and KIR Diversity and Polymorphisms: Emerging Concepts.

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