The file attached is the Published/publisher’s pdf version of the articl

A Debus

A-C Vandaele

A-M Harri

AB Ivanov

AO Ivanov

B Marty

C Conley

C Lange

C Smith

C Whetsel

Caroline Smith

Christian Lange

D Koschny

D Rebuffat

E Hauber

E Nilsen

F Safa

G Kminek

H Amundsen

J Dias

J Larranaga

J Vago

M Meyer

N Schmitz

N Thomas

null null

O Korablev

P Bousquet

P Falkner

P Orleanski

R Mugnolo

R Orosei

Raffaele Mugnuolo

S McLennan

S Siljeström

T Haltigin

T Voirin

Timothy Haltigin

V Gass

Astrobiology

Crossref

iMARS <i>Phase 2</i>

The file attached is the Published/publisher’s pdf version of the articleNHM Repositor

Haltigin, T

Lange, C

Mugnuolo, R

Smith, CL

Natural History Museum Repository

iMARS Phase 2

The International Mars Exploration Working Group (IMEWG) was formed in 1993 to provide a forum for the international coordination of Mars exploration. In 2007, IMEWG chartered the international Mars Architec-ture for the Return of Samples Working Group (iMARS WG), which produced a Phase 1 report in 2008 (iMARS, 2008). In 2014, IMEWG chartered an iMARS Phase 2 Working Group, comprising two panels of experts: (i) Engineering and (ii) Science/Earth Operations. Th  e iMARS Phase 2 WG was tasked to provide: • A  status  report  on  planning  for  a  Mars  Sample  Return  (MSR)  campaign,  building  on  missions  and  international developments achieved since the iMARS Phase 1 WG issued its report; and• Recommendations for progressing toward campaign implementation, including a proposed sample man-agement plan.Th  is report presents the iMARS Phase 2 WG’s fi ndings. It details top-level campaign requirements that would meet  stated  science  objectives  and  planetary  protection  constraints.  It  presents  an  updated  reference  MSR  architecture, made of three fl ight elements and one ground element (termed the 3+1 architecture). It provides technical and programmatic justifi cations for this architecture and report also discusses alternatives to the ref-erence architecture. Th  e WG also reports on the status of MSR technology developments conducted by several space  agencies  around  the  world,  evidence  of  the  willingness  of  major  space  stakeholders  to  invest  in  MSR  implementation. Th  is report elaborates on programmatic considerations relating to MSR, including campaign robustness, international coordination and decision-making, a provisional implementation timeline, and a pos-sible cost-sharing model. In this report, the WG presents:• A returned-sample management plan, including an organizational structure for an international Mars sample  science  institute  that  outlines  roles  and  responsibilities  of  key  members  and  describes  sample  return facility requirements;• A science implementation plan, covering preliminary sample examination fl ow, sample allocation pro-cess, and data policies; and• A  Mars  sample  curation  plan,  including  sample  tracking  and  routing  procedures,  sample  sterilization  considerations, and long-term archiving recommendations.Th  e WG’s key conclusions are that:• It is feasible to return scientifi cally selected samples from Mars in 2031/33 under the proposed mission architecture,  technology  development  roadmap,  and  sample  management  plan.  A  successful  campaign  will depend on early and binding agreements for long-term commitments by participating organisations.• Returning samples from Mars will require a multidisciplinary approach. Scientifi c, safety and curatorial Executive Summary

S-2A Draft Mission Architecture and Science Management Plan for the Return Samples from MarsS-3Executive SummaryPhase 2 Report of the International Mars Architecture for the Return of Samples (iMARS) Working Groupaspects of the campaign must each be considered and integrated when developing mission architec-ture and sample management structure.• While  the  Mars  exploration  community  has  made  progress  in  understanding  planetary  protection  implications of MSR and associated technology developments, important requirements and protocols remain to be further developed.Th  e WG’s key recommendations are that:• To  advance  development  of  MSR  architecture,  interested  international  partners  must  declare  their  interests, defi ne a cooperation framework, and determine their contributions.• An internationally-tasked and -accepted planetary protection protocol for MSR should be produced as soon as possible, as this protocol will have technical and programmatic implications for the mission architecture.• MSR  campaign  partners  should  establish  an  international  MSR  Science  Institute  as  part  of  the  campaign’s governance structure upon approval to return samples from Mars.• Two key MSR enabling technologies, the Mars ascent vehicle and sample containment (“break-the-chain-of-contact”), require further investments to proceed with development

Haltigin, Timothy

Lange, Christian

Mugnuolo, Raffaele

Smith, Caroline

iMARS, Working Group

BORIS Portal  Bern Open Repository and Information System

English

The International Mars Exploration Working Group (IMEWG) was formed in 1993 to provide a forum for the international coordination of Mars exploration. In 2007, IMEWG chartered the international Mars Architecture for the Return of Samples Working Group (iMARS WG), which produced a Phase 1 report in 2008 (iMARS, 2008). In 2014, IMEWG chartered an iMARS Phase 2 Working Group, comprising two panels of experts: (i) Engineering and (ii) Science/Earth Operations. The iMARS Phase 2 WG was tasked to provide:

• A status report on planning for a Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign, building on missions and international developments achieved since the iMARS Phase 1 WG issued its report; and

• Recommendations for progressing toward campaign implementation, including a proposed sample management plan.

This report presents the iMARS Phase 2 WG’s findings. It details top-level campaign requirements that would meet stated science objectives and planetary protection constraints. It presents an updated reference MSR architecture, made of three flight elements and one ground element (termed the 3+1 architecture). It provides

technical and programmatic justifications for this architecture and the report also discusses alternatives to the reference architecture. The WG also reports on the status of MSR technology developments conducted by several space agencies around the world, evidence of the willingness of major space stakeholders to invest in MSR

implementation. This report elaborates on programmatic considerations relating to MSR, including campaign robustness, international coordination and decision-making, a provisional implementation timeline, and a possible cost-sharing model

Haltigin, T.

Mugnolo, R.

Smith, C.

Amundsen, H.E.F.

Bousquet, P.-W.

Conley, C.A.

Debus, André

Dias, Jose Capela

Falkner, P.

Gass, V.

Harri, A.-M.

Hauber, Ernst

Ivanov, Anton

Ivanov, Alexey

Kminek, G.

Korablev, O.

Koschny, Detlef

Larranaga, J.R.

Marty, B.

McLennan, S M

Meyer, M.

Nilsen, E.

Orleanski, P.

Orosei, R.

Rebuffat, D.

Safa, F.

Schmitz, Nicole

Siljeström, S.

Thomas, N.

Vago, J.

Vandaele, A.-C.

Voirin, Thomas

Whetsel, C.

Institute of Transport Research:Publications

iMars Phase 2 : A Draft Mission Architecture and Science Management Plan for the Return of Samples from Mars

https://nhm.openrepository.com/nhm/bitstream/10141/622353/1/ast.2018.29027.mars.pdf

iMARS Phase 2

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Natural History Museum Repository

BORIS Portal Bern Open Repository and Information System

Institute of Transport Research:Publications