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Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea

A revised checklist of the British and Irish Heloridae and Proctotrupidae (Proctotrupoidea) substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known.

  A total of three Heloridae and 39 Proctotrupidae (including only certainly recorded species) represents a 27% increase in the British list since 1978. Most species are still poorly known and there has been a dearth of taxonomic and faunistic work on the British and Irish fauna

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Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7936doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7936 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera -Proctotrupoidea Gavin R. Broad ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United KingdomCorresponding author: Gavin R. Broad (g.broad@nhm.ac.uk) Academic editor: Donat AgostiReceived: 26 Jan 2016 | Accepted: 11 Apr 2016 | Published: 15 Apr 2016Citation: Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal4: e7936. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7936 AbstractBackgroundA revised checklist of the British and Irish Heloridae and Proctotrupidae (Proctotrupoidea)substantially  updates the previous comprehensive checklist,  dating from 1978.  Countrylevel data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) isreported where known.New informationA total of three Heloridae and 39 Proctotrupidae (including only certainly recorded species)represents a 27% increase in the British list since 1978. Most species are still poorly knownand there has been a dearth of taxonomic and faunistic work on the British and Irish fauna.KeywordsHeloridae, Proctotrupidae, fauna, Ireland, Britain‡ © Broad G. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.IntroductionThis paper is part of a series of new checklists to the British and Irish Hymenoptera fauna,that started with Broad and Livermore (2014b), Broad and Livermore (2014a) and Liston etal.  (2014)and is the ﬁrst  update to the Hymenoptera checklist  since 1978 (Fitton et  al.1978).  Proctotrupoids  are  koinobiont  endoparasitoids  of  holometabolous  insect  larvae.Although  Proctrotrupidae  can  be  common  and  readily  collected  by  sweep  netting  orMalaise traps, the superfamily is poorly known biologically. Proctotrupidae are parasitoidsof Coleoptera and, to a lesser extent, Diptera larvae, with one extraordinary host recordfrom a centipede, whereas Heloridae have been reared from Neuroptera larvae (biologysummarised  in  Gauld  and  Bolton  1988).  Extralimital  families  attack  Coleoptera  andNeuroptera,  or  (Austroniidae,  Peradeniidae,  Proctorenyxidae)  are  completely  unknownbiologically.The superfamily 'Proctotrupoidea' has generally been a welcoming home to a variety ofparasitoid groups and recognised as not being monophyletic (Rasnitsyn 1988, Ronquist etal.  1999,  Dowton  and  Austin  2001);  in  the  1978  checklist  (Fitton  et  al.  1978)  thePlatygastroidea and Diaprioidea were included in the Proctotrupoidea. The removal of theDiapriidae, Maamingidae and Monomachidae to their own superfamily (Diaprioidea) hasrecently gained acceptance (e.g. Klopfstein et al. 2013). The Proctotrupoidea as presentlydeﬁned (e.g. Sharkey 2007) now comprises the Heloridae and Proctotrupidae in Britain andthe  extralimital  families  Austroniidae,  Pelecinidae,  Peradeniidae,  Proctorenyxidae,Roproniidae and Vanhorniidae.There has been very little work on the British proctotrupoid fauna and most of what weknow about  the  British  and Irish  Proctotrupidae derives  from the global  monograph of Figure 1. Representative British Heloridae. Helorus ruﬁcornis Förster, female, England, Herts., Aldbury,2013, coll. G.R. Broad.2 Broad GTownes and Townes (1981). Both families can be recognised instantly by their distinctivewing venation and they each have a characteristic habitus (Figs 1, 2, 3). A revision of theBritish fauna would undoubtedly reveal more species.  Figure 2. Representative  British  Proctotrupidae.  Disogmus basalis (Thomson),  male,  England,Herefordshire, Mary Knoll Valley, 21-24.5.2007, coll. D.G. Notton, NHMUK010209578.Figure 3. Representative British Proctotrupidae. Proctotrupes brachypterus (Schrank), female, England,Rothamsted, 26.9.1973, NHMUK010209579.Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 3Materials and methodsMuch of the distribution data are taken from Townes and Townes (1981). Distribution datapertaining to Ireland are mostly from O'Connor et al. (2004). Other sources are referred to.There is  an excellent  online resource,  The Proctotrupidae of  the World.  The taxonomyfollows  Townes  and  Townes  (1981)  and  Townes  (1977)  with  subsequent  changesreferenced. We have tried to account for every name on the 1978 checklist Fitton et al.(1978) and all additions to the fauna since then have been referenced. A more completemethodology  and  rationale  behind  the  checklist  can  be  found  in  Broad  (2014).  Thefollowing conventions and abbreviations are used here:[species] taxon deleted from the British and Irish listNHM Natural History Museum, London#  known  or  suspected  introductions  with  at  least  temporarily  self-sustainingpopulations?  status  (including  uncertain  synonymy)  or  identiﬁcation  in  the  British  Islesuncertainmisident. has been misidentiﬁed as this namenom. dub. nomen dubium, a name of unknown or doubtful applicationnom. ob. nomen oblitum, ‘forgotten name’, does not have priority over a youngernamenom. nov. nomen novum, a replacement namenom. nud. nomen nudum, an unavailable name, with no type specimenpreocc. name preoccupied (junior homonym)stat. rev. status revocatus, revived status (e.g., raised from synonymy)unavailable not meeting the requirements of the International Code of ZoologicalNomenclaturevar. variety, only available as a valid name under the provisions of article 45.6 of theICZNAlternative  versions  of  the  checklist,  as  a  formatted  Word  document  and  Excelspreadsheet, are provided here in the supplementary materials: Suppl. materials 1, 2.Photographs were taken using a Canon EOS 450D digital  camera attached to a LeicaMZ12 stereomicroscope and partially focused images were combined using Helicon Focusv.4.80 software.4 Broad GProctotrupoidea Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA Family Heloridae Förster, 1856 Notes: Distribution data from Townes (1977), Fergusson and Smith (1974), Cooter andFergusson (1993) and O'Connor et al. (2004).Genus Helorus Latreille, 1802 Nomenclature: COPELUS Provancher, 1881Helorus anomalipes (Panzer, 1798) Nomenclature: Sphex anomalipes Panzer, 1798ater Latreille, 1802paradoxus (Provancher, 1881, Copelus)?bifoveolata Gregor, 1938?nigrotibia Hellén, 1941Distribution: England, IrelandHelorus nigripes Förster, 1856 Nomenclature: rugosus Thomson, 1858Distribution: EnglandHelorus ruficornis Förster, 1856 Nomenclature: coruscus Haliday, 1857corruscus misspellingﬂavipes Kieﬀer, 1907Distribution: England, IrelandChecklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 5Family Proctotrupidae Latreille, 1802 Notes: Distribution data from Townes and Townes (1981) and O'Connor et al. (2004).Genus Brachyserphus Hellén, 1941 Brachyserphus parvulus (Nees, 1834) Nomenclature: Codrus parvulus Nees, 1834Distribution: England, IrelandGenus Codrus Panzer, 1801 Codrus niger Panzer, 1805 Distribution: England, IrelandCodrus picicornis (Förster, 1856) Nomenclature: Disogmus picicornis Förster, 1856subcompressus (Hedicke, 1927, Phaenoserphus)vexator (Nixon, 1938, Phaenoserphus)subclavatus (Hellén, 1941, Phaenoserphus)Distribution: England, IrelandNotes: Listed as Phaenoserphus subcompressus in Fergusson (1978).Genus Cryptoserphus Kieffer, 1907 Cryptoserphus aculeator (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes aculeator Haliday, 1839ater (Nees, 1834, Codrus) preocc.perrisi (Kieﬀer, 1908, Seprhus)deshii Drake, 1970, CryptoserphusDistribution: England, Scotland, Ireland6 Broad GCryptoserphus dilatus Townes, 1981 Distribution: IrelandNotes: added by Townes and Townes (1981)Cryptoserphus flavipes (Provancher, 1881) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes ﬂavipes Provancher, 1881brevimanus (Kieﬀer, 1908, Serphus)longicalcar (Kieﬀer, 1908, Serphus)cumaeus Nixon, 1938fungorum Szelényi, 1940Distribution: IrelandCryptoserphus longitarsis (Thomson, 1858) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes longitarsis Thomson, 1858Distribution: IrelandGenus Disogmus Förster, 1856 Disogmus areolator (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes areolator Haliday, 1839aequator Förster, 1856discrepator Förster, 1856elegans (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)nigripennis (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)canadensis Harrington, 1900diversicornis Kieﬀer, 1906glabratus Kieﬀer, 1906carinatus Kieﬀer, 1907torvus Whittaker, 1930Distribution: England, Scotland, IrelandChecklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 7Disogmus basalis (Thomson, 1858) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes basalis Thomson, 1858fuscitarsis Kieﬀer, 1907Distribution: England, Scotland, IrelandGenus Exallonyx Kieffer, 1904 Notes: unplaced species of Exallonyx:[Exallonyx leviventris Kieﬀer, 1908 nom. dub., from England]Subgenus Exallonyx Kieffer, 1904 Exallonyx (Exallonyx) ater (Gravenhorst, 1807) Nomenclature: Codrus ater Gravenhorst, 1807aterrimus (Dalla Torre, 1898, Proctotrypes)xanthocerus Kieﬀer, 1908ﬁlicornis Kieﬀer, 1908syriacus Kieﬀer, 1908gracilis Nixon, 1938Distribution: England, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) brevimala Townes, 1981 Distribution: England, IrelandNotes: added by Townes and Townes (1981)Exallonyx (Exallonyx) confusus Nixon, 1938 Distribution: England, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) crenicornis (Nees, 1834) Nomenclature: Codrus crenicornis Nees, 1834clavipes (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)8 Broad Gdonisthorpei Kieﬀer, 1908fumipennis Kieﬀer, 1908Distribution: England, ScotlandNotes: Listed,  as  Codrus fumipennis (Kieﬀer),  as  doubtfully  British  by  Fergusson(1978); status as a British species conﬁrmed by Townes and Townes (1981).Exallonyx (Exallonyx) formicarius Kieffer, 1904 Distribution: England, Scotland, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) ligatus (Nees, 1834) Nomenclature: Codrus ligatus Nees, 1834Distribution: England, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) longicornis (Nees, 1834) Nomenclature: Codrus longicornis Nees, 1834micrurus (Keiﬀer, 1908, Serphus)Distribution: Scotland, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) microcerus Kieffer, 1908 Nomenclature: hyalinipennis Kieﬀer, 1908Distribution: England, IrelandNotes: Listed as a synonym of Exallonyx formicarius in Fergusson (1978).Exallonyx (Exallonyx) minor Townes, 1981 Distribution: England, Scotland, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) nixoni Townes, 1981 Distribution: EnglandChecklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 9Exallonyx (Exallonyx) pallidistigma Morley, 1922 Nomenclature: niger misident.milleri (Tomšík, 1942, Phaenoserphus)Distribution: England, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) quadriceps (Ashmead, 1893) Nomenclature: Proctotrypes quadriceps Ashmead, 1893crassicornis Kieﬀer, 1908hyalinipennis (Morley, 1922, Proctotrypes)Distribution: England, Scotland, IrelandNotes: Recorded by Townes and Townes (1981).Exallonyx (Exallonyx) subserratus Kieffer, 1908 Nomenclature: curtigena Nixon, 1938Distribution: England, IrelandExallonyx (Exallonyx) trichomus Townes, 1981 Distribution: England, IrelandNotes: added by Townes and Townes (1981)Exallonyx (Exallonyx) trifoveatus Kieffer, 1908 Nomenclature: talpae Kieﬀer, 1908borneanus (Cameron, 1912, Proctotrypes)reicherti (Enderlein, 1916, Proctotrupes)parvulus Brues, 1919philonthiphagus Williams, 1932Distribution: England, IrelandNotes: added by Townes and Townes (1981)10 Broad GExallonyx (Exallonyx) wasmanni Kieffer, 1904 Nomenclature: myrmecophilus Kieﬀer, 1904socialis Kieﬀer, 1908Distribution: England, IrelandNotes: Although excluded from the Irish  list  by  O'Connor  et  al.  (2004),  the  locality‘Tanrego’ quoted by Townes and Townes (1981) refers to an estate in Sligo.Subgenus Eocodrus Pschorn-Walcher, 1958 Exallonyx (Eocodrus) brevicornis (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes brevicornis Haliday, 1839lineata Kieﬀer, 1908Distribution: England, Scotland, IrelandGenus Mischoserphus Townes, 1981 Mischoserphus arcuator (Stelfox, 1950) Nomenclature: Cryptoserphus arcuator Stelfox, 1950ione (Kozlov, 1971, Cryptoserphus)Distribution: IrelandGenus Paracodrus Kieffer, 1907 Paracodrus apterogynus (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes apterogynus Haliday, 1839albipennis (Thomson, 1858, Codrus)bethyliformis Kieﬀer, 1907Distribution: IrelandChecklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 11Genus Parthenocodrus Pschorn-Walcher, 1958 Nomenclature: CRYPTOCODRUS Pschorn-Walcher, 1958Parthenocodrus elongatus (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes elongatus Haliday, 1839buccatus (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)Distribution: England, IrelandGenus Phaenoserphus Kieffer, 1908 Nomenclature: CARABIPHAGUS Morley, 1931Phaenoserphus chittii (Morley, 1922) Nomenclature: Proctotrypes chittii Morley, 1922dubiosus Nixon, 1938Distribution: England, IrelandPhaenoserphus fuscipes (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes fuscipes Haliday, 1839Distribution: Scotland, IrelandPhaenoserphus gregori Tomšík, 1942 Distribution: IrelandPhaenoserphus pallipes (Jurine, 1807) Nomenclature: Codrus pallipes Jurine, 1807ruﬁpes (Brullé, 1846, Proctotrupes)testaceicornis (Kieﬀer, 1908, Serphus)Distribution: England, Ireland12 Broad GPhaenoserphus viator (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes viator Haliday, 1839curtipennis (Haliday, 1839, Proctotrupes)laevifrons (Förster, 1861, Proctotrupes)sixianus (Vollenhoven, 1879, Proctotrypes)Distribution: England, IrelandGenus Phaneroserphus Pschorn-Walcher, 1958 Notes: species of Phaneroserphus removed from the British and Irish list:[cristatus Townes, 1981] Fauna Europaea lists Phaneroserphus cristatus as occurringin Britain and France but Townes and Townes (1981) state that this species is onlyfound in Japan, and no literature citations for its European occurrence can be traced.Phaneroserphus calcar (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes calcar Haliday, 1839calcaratus (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)seticornis (Thomson, 1858, Proctotrupes)areolatus (Kieﬀer, 1908, Serphus)castaneus (Kieﬀer, 1908, Serphus)Distribution: England, Scotland, IrelandGenus Proctotrupes Latreille, 1796 Nomenclature: SERPHUS Schrank, 1780ERODORUS Walckanaer, 1802PROCTRUPES Raﬁnesque, 1815PROCTOTRYPES Aggasiz, 1846PROCTOTROPIS Gistel, 1848Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 13Proctotrupes brachypterus (Schrank, 1780) Nomenclature: Serphus brachypterus Schrank, 1780divagator (Olivier, 1792, Ichneumon)campanulator (Fabricius, 1798, Ichneumon)emarciator (Fabricius, 1798, Ichneumon)bimaculatus (Walckenaer, 1802, Erodorus)brevipennis Latreille, 1802bicolor Haliday, 1839gladiator Haliday, 1839sulcatus (Kieﬀer, 1908, Serphus)hoﬀeri (Tomšík, 1944, Serphus)azarbajdzhanicus (Samedov, 1954, Serphus)Distribution: England, IrelandProctotrupes gravidator (Linnaeus, 1758) Nomenclature: Ichneumon gravidator Linnaeus, 1758meridionalis Gribodo, 1880ruﬁgaster Provancher, 1881collaris Szépligeti, 1901suzukii Matsumura, 1912zabriskiei (Brues, 1919, Serphus)Distribution: England, IrelandNotes: Proctotrupes indivisus (Kieﬀer,  1908,  Serphus)  removed  from  synonymy  byNotton (2007).Genus Tretoserphus Townes, 1981 Notes: species of Tretoserphus removed from the British and Irish list:[foveolatus (Möller,  1882,  Proctotrupes)]  Listed  as  British  by  Fergusson (1978)  as  perkinsi was then considered to be a junior synonym of foveolatus.14 Broad GTretoserphus laricis (Haliday, 1839) Nomenclature: Proctotrupes laricis Haliday, 1839nigricauda (Kieﬀer, 1908, Serphus)melanderi (Brues, 1919, Cryptoserphus)Distribution: England, IrelandTretoserphus perkinsi (Nixon, 1942) Nomenclature: Cryptoserphus perkinsi Nixon, 1942Distribution: England, IrelandReferences• Broad GR (2014) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Introduction. BiodiversityData Journal 2: e1113. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1113 • Broad GR, Livermore L (2014a) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Evanioidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1116. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1116 • Broad GR, Livermore L (2014b) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera -Ceraphronoidea . Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1167. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1167 • Cooter J, Fergusson ND (1993) Helorus nigripes Förster (Hym., Heloridae), a ﬁfthBritish record. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 129: 29. • Dowton M, Austin AD (2001) Simultaneous analysis of 16S, 28S, COI and morphologyin the Hymenoptera: Apocrita - evolutionary transitions among parasitic wasps.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 87‑111. • Fergusson ND (1978) Proctotrupoida. In: Fitton MG, Graham MWdV, Bouček ZR,Fergusson ND, Huddleston T, Quinlan Ju, Richards OW (Eds) Kloet and Hincks. Acheck list of British insects. Part 4: Hymenoptera . 11(4): ix + 159 pp.. Handbooks forthe Identiﬁcation of British Insects, 13 pp.• Fergusson ND, Smith KG (1974) Helorus rugosus Thomson (Hym., Heloridae) inBritain. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 109[1973]: 222. • Fitton MG, Graham MWdV, Boucek ZR, Fergusson ND, Huddleston T, Quinlan J,Richards OW (1978) Kloet and Hincks. A check list of British insects. Part 4:Hymenoptera . Handbooks for the Identiﬁcation of British Insects 11: 1‑159+ix. • Gauld ID, Bolton B (1988) The Hymenoptera . British Museum (Natural History) andOxford University Press, Oxford, 332 pp.• Klopfstein S, Vilhelmsen L, Heraty JM, Sharkey M, Ronquist F (2013) Thehymenopteran tree of life: evidence from protein-coding genes and objectively alignedribosomal data. PLoS ONE 8 (8): 23pp.. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069344 Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 15• Liston AD, Knight GT, Sheppard DA, Broad GR, Livermore L (2014) Checklist of Britishand Irish Hymenoptera - Sawﬂies, ‘Symphyta’. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1168. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1168 • Notton DG (2007) A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea(Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on thehistory of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d’Antic. Zoosystema 29 (3): 457‑470. • O'Connor JP, Nash R, Notton DG, Fergusson ND (2004) A catalogue of the IrishPlatygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera). Occasional Publication of the IrishBiogeographical Society 7: 1‑110. • Rasnitsyn AP (1988) An outline of the evolution of the hymenopterous insects (orderVespida). Oriental Insects 22: 115‑145. • Ronquist F, Rasnitsyn AP, Roy A, Eriksson E, Lindgren M (1999) Phylogeny of theHymenoptera: A cladistic reanalysis of Rasnitsyn's (1988) data. Zoologica Scripta 28:13‑50. DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00023.x • Sharkey MJ (2007) Phylogeny and classiﬁcation of Hymenoptera . Zootaxa 1668:521‑548. • Townes H (1977) A revision of the Heloridae (Hymenoptera). Contributions of theAmerican Entomological Institute 15 (2): 1‑12. • Townes HK, Townes M (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs ofthe American Entomological Institute 32: 1‑541. Supplementary materialsSuppl. material 1: Checklist of British and Irish Proctotrupoidea Authors:  Broad, G.R.Data type:  formatted textBrief description:  Word document version of the checklistFilename: Hym_checklist_11_Proctotrupoidea.docx - Download ﬁle (82.98 kb) Suppl. material 2: Checklist of British and Irish Proctotrupoidea Authors:  Broad, G.R.Data type:  spreadsheetBrief description:  Excel spreadsheet version of the checklistFilename: Proctotrupoidea_checklist_spreadsheet.xlsx - Download ﬁle (300.60 kb) 16 Broad G

26.9.1973, NHMUK010209579. Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Proctotrupoidea 3 Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera).

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