Paper discuses a case study on a virtual information system for a
group of institutions in Manipal. A demonstration model, which
has been developed, is discussed

Upadhya, Padma V.

English

Librarians' Digital Library

DRTC Annual Seminar on Electronic Sources of Information  
1-3 March 2000 
 
 
Paper: CH  
 
 
VISUALISING ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) AND 
VIRTUAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (VIS) FOR MANIPAL 
INSTITUTIONS 
         
 
Padma V Upadhya, Librarian, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576 119 &  Harish B, 
Manipal Centre for Information Science, MAHE, Manipal 576 119 
 
 
Paper discuses a case study on a virtual information system for a 
group of institutions in Manipal.  A demonstration model, which 
has been developed, is discussed. 
 
 
1.  INTRODUCTION 
 
Manipal, a small village now an International centre for professional studies is the 
dreamland of Dr. T M A Pai. His vision is the present Manipal where one can find all the 
facilities for both academic and professional activities. Visualizing the need for Information 
exchange between the organizations at Manipal is found necessary to develop Virtual 
Information System (VIS) and Electronic Data Exchange (EDI). For this purpose Manipal 
Institute of Technology (MIT), Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Manipal Centre for 
Information Science (MCIS) and T  A Pai Management Institute (TAPMI) are taken. KMC and 
MCIS are the units of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, (A Deemed University), Manipal. 
All these institutions are self-financing institutions.  
 
All these institutions have in-house developed databases of Information resources and 
Local Area Network (LAN) facility. The Institutional LAN links the other information systems 
like Alumni Information System (AIS), Student Information System (SIS), Employee 
Information System (EIS) and University Information System (UIS) of the organization. 
Emphasis is also given to promote virtual classroom since there are various interdisciplinary 
course being taught at undergraduate and post graduate level. The Distance Education Cell in 
collaboration with APTECH Centre and Manipal Institute of Computer Education (MICE) 
conducts IT Course leading to PG degrees at national level.  
 
Since the basic infrastructure is available plans are made for the information exchange 
between the information centres and the institutions and develop a virtual environment for work 
and data exchange. The whole process will be carried out at MCIS. 
 
Padma V Upadhya  &  Harish B    2 
2. WHY ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) AND VIRTUAL 
INFORMATION SYSTEM (VIS) 
 
Several features are driving us to opt for the technique of electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 
through Virtual Information System (VIS). They are change, subsidization and global 
competition, time, speed, cost & integration.  The major reason is the change. Change is an 
activity or process, which no body can deny or escape. We accept change consciously or 
unconsciously, willingly or unwillingly. We come across many changes in and around and where 
we work and live. Computerization of finance sector once made the employee to fear for  loss of 
job opportunities. In the process of library development the terminology itself is changed. Now 
the library is known as knowledge centre where the knowledge manager manages knowledge.  
 
In the context of information system environment the changes can be grouped as 
  
 a. change in the data  storage/preservation 
 b. change in the data acquisition process 
c. change in the data communication media 
d. Change in the data distribution media 
e. change in the data presentation media 
 
With the above changes taking place we have walked a long distance and we now live in 
the networked society. The challenges before the IS manager is to apply their craft and develop 
their system in a way that will best perpetuate and facilitate the use of the information resources 
which we find before us. In the present situation it is the prime issue to go for the VIS and EDI. 
Keeping informed and keeping open communication lines and being receptive to feedback is the 
key to overcome the fear of change. 
 
Globalization is the outcome of developments in the computing and communication 
technology. This has enabled us to communicate the world’s resources at ones desk. This has 
evolved into a small global village.  Time is another prime concern, which governs all the 
developments. Communication of information or access to information with in a fraction of 
seconds whenever required according to ones need is the basic aim of any information centre or 
system. This can be quoted as a justification to why VIS and EDI.  To increase the speed of 
information communication and also be flexible to the user needs and demands.  To reduce the 
cost involved in paper work and paper based media. It is estimated that cost of processing an 
electronic data can be one-tenth the cost of handling the paper equivalent.  To integrate all the 
institutional functions and to facilitate the communication at personal, departmental and 
institutional level. This will also promote the effective use of all the resources. Integration will 
lead to integration in functional, cross-functional activities at all levels.  EDI will enable to have 
more satisfaction among the staff since here emphasis will be given to parallel approach rather 
than top down approach. This will help to bring quality in services.   In the following paragraphs 
a brief account of Virtual Information System and Electronic Data Exchange is given and 
working process for the EDI and VIS is discussed. 
Paper CH: Visualising Electronic Data Interchange…   3 
 
 
 
3. ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) 
 
EDI is the electronic exchange of documents in a standard, computer processable, 
universally accepted form between the provider and user of the information system. The 
difference between e-mail, sharing file through a network or bulletin board and EDI is that ‘the 
computer application of both the sender and receiver is referred to as ‘Trading Partners (TP) i.e., 
EDI consists of standard electronic message formats for communication. This can be referred as 
below Fig. 1. 
 
Electronic Data Exchange and E-mail or FAX 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
EDI is often termed as paperless communication. EDI means communication without human 
intervention. More formally described as the interchange of structured data according to agreed 
message standards between the computer systems by electronic means. EDI enables to transfer 
the document irrespective of the applications of the computer in organizations. For E.g., one 
library may use LIBSYS package for database management and other may us CDS/ISIS etc. EDI 
enables one to overcome the problem of  
 
a. increase time 
b. low accuracy 
c. high labor charge 
 
The direct benefit include  
 
a. Retyping of data  not required since the transfer of information is done automatically 
b. Cost of processing EDI documents is cheaper than paper documents 
c. Customer relation is improved and one is able to communicate faster. 
d. Efficient management of information 
Person 
FAX 
 
E-Mail 
User 
Computer 
Purchase       
order. 
Post 
office 
Purchase 
order 
Order 
process 
Information 
Provider 
computer 
  EDI 
Padma V Upadhya  &  Harish B    4 
e. More job satisfaction among the workers since they may be redeployed in creative 
activities. 
f. EDI helps the information officer to fulfil the laws of Library Science. 
 
In general the benefits of EDI are grouped into 
 
 Strategic benefits 
 Operational benefits 
 Opportunity benefits 
 
The benefits will vary depending on why and how EDI has been implemented. 
 
3.1 Process in EDI 
 
EDI involves five main processes 
 
1. Extracting data from a computer system 
2. Translating the data into a transmittable format 
3. Transmitting the message 
4. Receiving/interpreting the message at the receiving end 
5. Downloading the data in the receiving computer application 
 
3.2  Components of EDI  
 
1. EDI standards 
2. EDI software 
3. Network for communication 
 
The method of correct interpretation of the information by the computer system is 
defined by EDI standards. EDI standard define the techniques for structuring the data into 
electronic message equivalent of paper based documents. EDI standard is independent of 
computer hardware and software.  ISO is responsible for developing syntax rules and the data 
dictionary. 
 
What do we mean by standards, what do they comprise, who makes them and how do 
you choose which one to use? In this article Chris Nelson of EDI Initiative takes a brief look at 
these issues. The first thing to know about EDI standards is that there is more than one or, more 
accurately more than one syntax upon which the EDI messages are built. The syntax comprises 
the rules that define how a message is assembled for exchange.  
 
The three syntax that dominate in the world of EDI are 
 
1. ANSI ASC X.121 (often called ANSI X.12) 
2. UNTDI2 and  
3. EDIFACT3. 
 
Paper CH: Visualising Electronic Data Interchange…   5 
 
 
ANSI X.12 is the dominant standard in North America and is also widely used in 
Australia and New Zealand. UNTDI2 is used  in Western Europe, and messages using this 
syntax are still widely used in the UK as a part of the TRADACOMS message set. However, the 
only international syntax standard is EDIFACT. EDIFACT was born in 1985 as a merge between 
the best features of UNTDI and ANSI X.12 and out of recognition that in the world of 
commerce, transportation and administration there could no longer be national or regional syntax 
standards. In fact, no new messages will be developed using ANSI X.12.  
 
After 1995 in many industry sectors, such as insurance, travel and leisure, statistics, 
health and social administration, the only syntax standard used is EDIFACT. CEN4 will start to 
adopt chosen EDIFACT messages as the European standard from this year. An EDI standard 
comprises the syntax, the message design rules (i.e. the technical rules which must be followed 
when designing a message) and the directories (i.e. the messages themselves and the building 
blocks of the messages segments, data elements and codes). 
 
Technical experts in conjunction design the messages and directories messages with the 
users. This is done in national or international committees set up for this purpose by the relevant 
maintenance authority for the directories.   New business functions will require changes to the 
directories: e.g. new messages; changes to segments; new data elements; new codes. These 
changes must be agreed by the maintenance organization for the directories. Depending on the 
type of maintenance organization this can take a long time (two or three years in the case of 
international EDIFACT directories because the directory changes must be agreed at the 
international level).  
 
When the new directory has been formally approved then the new message or new 
version of an existing message is available for use. The international body responsible for the 
maintenance of the EDIFACT directories is the UN/ECE trade procedures committee - Working 
Party 4 (WP.4). Although many user communities often prefer to wait for formal approval of a 
message before it is used, this is not always the case. For instance, the message used for the 
INTRASTAT declaration for trading within the E.U. was not formally approved until many 
months after the live date of the INTRASTAT regulation (1st January 1993) and the live use of 
the message.  
 
EDI software i.e., the translating softwares are designed to translate the message as they 
move from standard to internal formats and vice versa. EDI is nothing but the computer 
instructions that translate the information from unstructured format to structured EDI format. 
EDI also need communication networks.  
 
To perform EDI we need a computer 
 
a. communication interface i.e., network 
b. appropriate software 
 
EDI documents are electronically exchanged over communication networks. The 
documents are stored in user mailbox or on the EDI network server from which they can be 
downloaded or uploaded. The communication network required for electronic trading is 
Padma V Upadhya  &  Harish B    6 
analogous to the pipe work of the processes that which enables message to flow between the 
trading partners.  
 
EDI is implemented either through EDI service Bureau or as Integrated EDI which will 
be done on the network server along with the Front End Processor (FEP). The FEP takes care of 
translation and communication. The FEP could be connected over a LAN to the computer system 
on which the information system is running. Information can be downloaded or uploaded 
between the FEP and the computer. 
 
Different options are available which earlier included exchange of discs, tapes and now 
the data exchange through the private networks. In UK and USA most of the organizations now 
engage the services of third party network operators known as Value Added Network (VAN). 
TRADENET has become the most widely used VAN in UK. Now the General Electric 
Information Service (GEIS) is the largest community of EDI users. 
 
The major benefit with the VAN is that one is only concerned about his/her link to the 
network whether it be from a PC to a mainframe computer and need not bother about what the 
user or customer use to connect to the network. This aspect will be completely the concern of 
VAN. This VAN is essentially described as Electronic Post Office. 
 
4. VIRTUAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (VIS) 
 
Virtual Information System is a system that provides access control and network 
configuration changes using software control The virtual system or library are designed on the 
basis of networking concept which offers all the activities on the network. The VIS can be 
defined as  
 
“A network of different library systems that come together to exploit or transit the 
information available in their premise or they can also be defined as Information System Partners 
“ The VIS environment can be picturized as in the Fig 2. 
 
The VIS will enable us to 
 
a. Reduce the flow of paper between the organizations. 
b. Improves the communication and productivity 
c. Allows efficient and speedy distribution of information 
d. Improves accuracy of information 
e. Allows reduction in the personnel 
f. Enable to improve the user and customer relation 
g. Improves industry institute interaction 
h. Reduce inventory control 
i. Reduce data entry process 
Paper CH: Visualising Electronic Data Interchange…   7 
 
 
 
Figure 2 
VIS MODEL 
           
           
 
 
  
        
          
         
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With this brief introduction to EDI and VIS the case study of development of VIS for 
Manipal institutions is outlined in the following paragraphs. 
 
The data base of all the institutions is converted into a standard data format under the 
oracle based MS Access System. The data bases are provided with Front End User facility. The 
main aspect which are to be considered here are outsourcing of  
 
a.  Cost and time involved in data conversion 
b.  Cost involved in cabling. 
 
 The whole project is being carried out in different stages. 
 
1. Justifying the need for EDI and VIS 
2. Study the available infrastructure 
3. Study the process to be carried out 
4. Requirements 
5. Implementation 
6. Future Strategy 
 
i)     Justification 
 
 Justification for the EDI and VIS is already discussed in the section Why EDI and VIS. 
 
 
 
V I S  SERVER 
Other 
Information 
systems 
Applications 
Users 
Padma V Upadhya  &  Harish B    8 
ii) Infrastructure available 
 
 Present Infrastructure available in different institutions: 
 
a. Infrastructure LAN, Internet, e mail and client server setup 
 
b. Applications LIS, SIS, Payroll, EIS, UIS etc., 
 
M I T Information centre has 127 electronic journals for which the 
updations are made monthly. Both M I T and K M C have 
bibliographic databases of related field. 
 
c. Managerial  Accounts, Auditing, Hospital IS, Medical Record IS 
 
d. IT   Centralized computer centre in all the institutions 
 
e. User  Institutional members and non-institutional members. In case of M 
I T the users are also from industry, software company etc. 
 
f. Personnel Adequate number of IS people. Experts in technical fields like 
computing and communication technology. Adequate number of 
skilled people. 
 
iii)     Process being carried 
 
 The major need is linking the different institutions and for which cabling work is already 
started.  
 
 Data conversion of the applications into standard format is also under progress. Measures 
are being taken to see that: 
 
a. the user is given different options for search 
b. to enable both guided and expert search 
c. well maintained data dictionary 
d. data  updating  process 
e. user clarification 
f. access control to the non members of the institution  
g. downloading facility of electronic journals and search results from the applications and 
bibliographic databases 
 
iv) Requirements 
 
 Network system with high-end servers for the future and CD Network station and more 
number of user work stations. 
 
 Training of personnel to upgrade their skill is another task. 
Paper CH: Visualising Electronic Data Interchange…   9 
 
 
v) Implementation 
 
 Since the above process is under progress the implementation may take few more days.  
However a demonstration model is developed.  
 
vi)  Future Strategy 
 
 Once the implementation is made the future strategy is to  
 
a.   Develop multimedia sources 
b. Develop HTML based sources 
c. Digitization of rare and old documents 
d. Develop audio and video presentations etc 
e. Develop database of slide based presentations for classroom instructions. 
f. Develop high speed bandwidth network with parallel processing server 
g. Online evaluation etc. 
 
 The above features will be useful for distance learning and also develop ‘Virtual 
classroom’ for the learners.  
 
 Virtual classroom or electronic classroom is an exciting medium for delivering lectures. 
It enables both students and lecture to communicate even in dispersed place conveniently. It also 
enables the student to make query and get answers from the source in the absence of the lecturer. 
 
 In this lessons and assignments are communicated via a central computer system network 
which stores the instructions. As and when the students logs onto the system the instructions are 
given and on request the same may be downloaded with the telecommunication software and 
modem. The queries from students are again transferred to the central system and at any time or 
immediately the student gets the clarification.  This will help to: 
 
a.  Increase speed, flexibility in training and education 
a. reduce the cost associated with the classroom teaching 
b. leverage instructors expertise across a broader population of participants 
c. Increase team performance, team learning and team productivity. 
 
5. CONCLUSION 
 
Technology and people are the two sides of any development. The organization of the new 
century is expected to be a networked organization with more learning capability and 
decentralized workforce. Since change, cost, competition and customer are the driver of the new 
information age opting to virtual system is becoming a reality in all the sectors. Systematic work 
flow and collaboration effort will lead to having efficient EDI through VIS. This is the media to 
have a supportive framework among the organizations to create and distribute the knowledge.  
 
 
 
Padma V Upadhya  &  Harish B    10 
 
6.  REFERENCES 
 
1. Bajaj, K K and Nag, Debjani. E Commerce The cutting edge of business. Delhi: Tata Mc 
Graw Hill, 1999. 
 
2. Robert E. Hand Book of IS management. Umbaugh,.  Florida: CRC press, 1999. 
 
3.  Woodall, Jack and others. Total quality in information system and technology. Delhi: 
Deep and Deep publications, 1998. 


Visualising Electronic Data Interchanging (EDI) and Virtual Information System (VIS) for Manipal Institutions

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Visualising Electronic Data Interchanging (EDI) and Virtual Information System (VIS) for Manipal Institutions

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