Kelley, Kenneth W.

Moyer, Joseph L.

Kansas State University

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 0 Issue 12 Keeping up with Research Article 42 1997 Fall-Applied Herbicides for Eliminating Endophyte-Infested Fescue Joseph L. Moyer Kenneth W. Kelley This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1997 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr Recommended Citation Moyer, Joseph L. and Kelley, Kenneth W. (1997) "Fall-Applied Herbicides for Eliminating Endophyte-Infested Fescue," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 0: Iss. 12. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7279 Fall-Applied Herbicides for Eliminating Endophyte-Infested Fescue Keywords Keeping up with research; SRL 117 (Apr. 1997); Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution; no. 97-358-S; Herbicides; Endophyte; Fescue; Fall-applied Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This research report is available in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol0/iss12/42 August 1986Fall-applied Herbicidesfor EliminatingEndophyte-infested FescueJoe L. Moyer and Kenneth W. KelleyResearch AgronomistsAn endophytic fungus in tall fescue (Festuca arun -dinacea Schreb.) has been associated with poor per-formance in livestock that consume fescue forage orseed. Reduced animal gains, “summer slump” syn-drome, and fescue foot are examples of productionproblems. The fungus (Acremonium coenophialum(Morgan-Jones & Gains) syn. Epichloe typhina (Fries)Tul.), which is found in fescue crowns, sheaths, stems,and seed, is not pathogenic to the host plant; i.e., it pro-duces no harmful effects or visible symptoms. The fun-gus exists in fescue only in the asexual form, so appearsto be transmitted solely as a seed-borne organism. Thepresent method of eliminating the fungus is destructionof the infested host plant. Thus, the establishment ofendophyte-free fescue stands must be preceded byelimination of endophyte-infested plants. Herbicidesmust be used to kill fescue on erodable land where till-age is not feasible.This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Several herbicides are reported to be effective oncool-season perennial grasses such as tall fescue. How-ever, some may have residual soil effects, which limitthe type of crop to be planted the following year. Poste-mergent herbicides have no such restriction, since theyhave no residual soil activity.Timing of application could be critical, since grassvigor and the amount of stored energy reserves for re-growth vary during the year. This study tested effective-ness of fall applications of several grass-control herbi-cides, primarily postemergent types, at ratesconsidered to be economically feasible.ProceduresPlots of established tall fescue (25' x 8'.3 repli-cations) at the Mound Valley Unit of the Southeast Kan-sas Experiment Station were treated on 7 November1984. Postemergent foliar herbicides were applied ina volume of 9 gal/acre (low-volume) using flat-fan noz-zles (Tee-Jet® 8001) at 40 p.s.i. on a 6' C02-pressuredbackpack sprayer boom. A split-application treatmentof paraquat was included, with the spring, follow-up ap-plication on 9 April 1985. Root-absorbed materials(pronamide and diuron) were applied in a volume of 20gal/acre, and a wick application treatment of 2:1 wa-ter:glyphosate was also included. Rates and surfactantsused are listed in Table 1. Fescue control was assessedon 10 May 1985 as the percentage of dead plants in thetotal, established plant population.A second experiment was performed at the Par-sons Unit to test timing and method of postemergentherbicide application. Established tall fescue plots(25' x 8', 3 reps) were sprayed on 9 September or22 November 1985 using a tractor-mounted sprayer totreat a 6' strip. Nozzles described above were used at30 p.s.i. to apply a volume of 7.5 gal/acre (low-volume), or Tee-Jet® 8003 nozzles were used to applyherbicides in a volume of 20 gal/acre (standard). All ap-plications were made in a 1 percent solution of crop oilconcentrate (80 percent paraffin-20 percent surfactant)at rates listed in Table 2. Fescue plant control was esti-mated on 7 May 1986.This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Table 1. Herbicides and Rates Used in Low-volumeFall Applications, and Their Effect on Plantsin an Established Tall Fescue Stand.Herbicide Name Rate/acre % FescueChemical Trade Product Formulation ControlGlyphosateParaquat ]Pronamide 3Diuron 3Sethoxydin4Fluazifop4Haloxyfop 4DPX-Y6202 4RoundupParaquatKerbKarmexPoastFusiladeVerdictAssure2 qt 3-S1 qt1 ptWick1 qt 2-S1 pt1 pt21.0 lb 50WP1.25 lb 80WP1.0 pt 1.53 EC0.5 pt0.5 pt 4 EC0.25 pt0.5 pt 2 EC0.25 pt.625 pt 0.8 EC.375 ptLSD (.05)100100988397886780874040178755474316lApplied with 1 pt/100 gal X-77 surfactant.2Applied in split application, ½ in fall, ½ in spring.3Applied in normal volume of water (20 gal/acre).4Applied with 1% crop oil in final spray.This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Table 2. Effect of Herbicide Application Time onControl of an Established Tall Fescue Stand.Herbicide Application % FescueName Ratel Time ControlFluazifopParaquatGlyphosateSethoxydinHaloxyfopDPX-Y62021.5 pt 9 Sept22 Nov1 qt 9 Sept22 Nov1 pt 9 Sept22 Nov1 pt 9 Sept22 Nov0.5 pt 9 Sept22 Nov0.75 pt 9 Sept22 NovLSD (.05)243478845771297018531121111Formulations the same as in Table 1, except that fluazifop was 1 EC in Experi-ment 2.ResultsTreatments and control percentages for the first ex-periment are shown in Table 1. Glyphosate at 2 and1 qt/acre gave 100 percent fescue control. The 1 pt/acre rate of glyphosate was also very effective, but con-trol by the wick methods was spotty because of difficultyin obtaining uniform application on the short-statured(4") fall vegetation. Paraquat at 1 qt/acre effectivelyeliminated establishment fescue plants, but the l-pt ratewas not as effective. The split fall-spring application of½pt + ½pt was not effective, killing only two-thirdsof the established plants.Other herbicides in the trial (some not labelled foruse on fescue) were much less effective at rates used.Sethoxydin and haloxyfop had some activity on estab-lished fescue plants, but pronamide, diuron, fluazifop,and DPX-Y6202 had little effect (see Table 1 with tradenames).This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Herbicide treatments and control percentages forthe second experiment are shown in Table 2. The singlerate of each herbicide was selected, based on results ofthe previous experiment. Levels of fescue control weregenerally much lower compared to the first experiment,probably because of a milder winter. January 1985 hadan average temperature at the Mound Valley Unit of25.3°F and a minimum of -7°F, whereas January1986 had average and minimum temperature of36.2°F and 4°F, respectively, at the Parsons Unit.These averages represent deviations from the norm of-7.6°F and + 3.8°F at the two respective locations.Application of postemergent herbicide in the “stan-dard” volume of 20 gal/acre did not improve fescuecontrol significantly (P < .95) compared to the low-volume application, except that control with fluazifopseemed slightly enhanced with the low-volume applica-tion (data not shown).Herbicide application at the later date (November)was generally more effective in killing fescue than wasthe early (September) application. The significant(P > .99) date x herbicide interaction resulted from thegreat relative increase in fescue kill by sethoxydin andhaloxyfop applied on 22 November (compared to9 September), when sethoxydin was almost as effectiveas glyphosate. Glyphosate effectiveness was also signif-icantly increased at the later vs. the early applicationdate, and DPX-Y6202 exhibited the same trend(Table 2).SummarySeveral postemergent herbicides were used at twoor more rates in 9 gal/acre on 7 November 1984, andfescue control was evaluated on 10 May 1985. Glypho-sate and paraquat were each effective in eliminating fes-cue, with acceptable control (97 percent or more) ob-tained with 1 pt and 1 qt/acre rates, respectively. Afollow-up experiment to determine the effect of sprayvolume and of timing of fall application indicated thatlate (November) application was most effective, andthat most herbicides were slightly more effective at thestandard spray volume (20 gal/acre) than at a low vol-ume. Although a mild winter apparently reduced levelsof control, paraquat and glyphosate were again most ef-fective at killing established fescue, but sethoxydin gavealmost as much control as glyphosate at the late appli-cation date.This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.NOTE: Trade names are used to identify herbicides. No en-dorsement is intended, nor is any criticism implied of similarproducts not mentioned.Contribution 86-521-S, Southeast Kansas Branch Station.Agricultural Experiment Station. Manhattan 66506Keeping Up With Research 88 August 1988Publications and public meetings by the KansasAgricultural Experiment Station are available andopen to the public regardless of race, color, na-tional origin, sex, or handicap. 8-86—3MThis publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.

Fall-Applied Herbicides for Eliminating Endophyte-Infested Fescue (1986)

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Fall-Applied Herbicides for Eliminating Endophyte-Infested Fescue (1986)

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