Direct numerical simulation of sediment entrainment in turbulent channel flow

Abstract

This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (Grant No. PIIF-GA-2009-236457). The first author acknowledges the financial support of the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51021004), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50809047 and 51009105), and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (Grant No. 12JCQNJC02600)