'Korea Society for Computational Fluids Engineering'
Abstract
Around the world concepts and constructions of democracy are under
contestation. Some analysts see the spread of democratic institutional designs
as evidence of democracy’s triumph. Others – across both north and south –
point to growing democratic deficits, and how they threaten democratic
legitimacy. Following a review of these debates, this paper focuses on emerging
debates within what is often referred to as the ‘deepening democracy’ field, a
school of thinking that focuses on the political project of developing and
sustaining more substantive and empowered citizen participation in the
democratic process than is often found in representative democracy alone.
Within this ‘school’, the paper explores four broad approaches – ‘civil society’
democracy, participatory democracy, deliberative democracy and empowered
participatory governance – and how they differ from one another as well as
from ‘thinner’ forms of democracy associated with liberal and neoliberal
thinking. The paper argues that democracy-building is an ongoing process of
struggle and contestation rather than the adoption of a standard institutional
design, and poses a series of challenges which future conceptual and practical
work on deepening democracy may need to address.
Keywords: democracy, governance, participation, deliberation, citizenship, rights,
inclusion, civil societ